ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2021
Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 954 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
New Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease
Effectiveness of a Robotic End-effector Device for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in People With Parkinson's Disease: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
CuePD: Investigating the Effect of Personalised Auditory Cueing on Gait in Parkinson's Disease
Enhancing Nursing Students' Empathy and Learning in Parkinson's Disease Through High-Fidelity Simulation and Blended Learning: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Clinical Effects of Accelerated rTMS Targeting Motor Cortex on Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study
Identification of Molecular Biomarkers, Including microRNAs and Metabolites, Enabling Early Differentiation of Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes in a Prospective Observational Study.
Who cites it
954 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Basal ganglia neurophysiological markers of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Creative thinking in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease: An Exploration Based on UPDRS and Cognitive Scores.Revista de neurologia · 2026Pooled it
- Case Definitions and Data Sources for NNCSS Parkinson Disease Surveillance: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Dopaminergic Identity of SH-SY5Y Cells Across Differentiation Protocols in Parkinson's Disease Research: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Detection of parkinson's disease with neuroimaging modalities using machine learning and artificial intelligence: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of vestibular rehabilitation therapy on balance function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Omics research in Parkinson's disease: evolution, integrated analysis, pathogenic mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Traditional Chinese exercise for quality of life, cognition, sleep in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in Parkinson's disease patients: a pilot study.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Trial
- Parkinson's disease, aerobic exercise and photobiomodulation: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Identification of platelet-derived biomarker in a cohort of Parkinson's disease.Genes & diseases · 2027Article
- Lactoferrin-modified MSC-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate BBB penetration and enhance gastrodin-induced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: involvement of mitophagy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Lipophagy: A key regulator in oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal Resolution for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Linking Proteinopathy, Cellular Vulnerability, and Disease Trajectories.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- H4K12 Lactylation Impairs Dopaminergic Neuron Energy Metabolism via the HIF-1α/NDUFS1 Pathway in Parkinson's Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Electronic profiling of neuronal extracellular vesicles enables early prediction of Parkinson's disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- Brain organoids as models of extracellular vesicle-mediated human neural communication.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
894 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and its prevalence has been projected to double over the next 30 years. An accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease remains challenging and the characterisation of the earliest stages of the disease is ongoing. Recent developments over the past 5 years include the validation of clinical diagnostic criteria, the introduction and testing of research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease, and the identification of genetic subtypes and a growing number of genetic variants associated with risk of Parkinson's disease. Substantial progress has been made in the development of diagnostic biomarkers, and genetic and imaging tests are already part of routine protocols in clinical practice, while novel tissue and fluid markers are under investigation. Parkinson's disease is evolving from a clinical to a biomarker-supported diagnostic entity, for which earlier identification is possible, different subtypes with diverse prognosis are recognised, and novel disease-modifying treatments are in development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.