ReviewFrontiers of medicine2021
Intratumor heterogeneity, microenvironment, and mechanisms of drug resistance in glioma recurrence and evolution.
Review in Frontiers of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of vaccination therapy in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma patients: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Role of CXCR4 PET Imaging for the Evaluation of Gliomas: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- NT-I7, a Long-Acting Interleukin 7, Increases Lymphocyte Counts and Induces CD8+ T-cell Clonotype Expansion in Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Gliomas.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Overcoming barriers: mechanisms and strategies of nanoparticles in overcoming the blood-brain barrier and drug resistance in glioblastomas.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Article
- TMEM201 regulates tumor malignancy and immune microenvironment in lower-grade glioma.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Novel imidazotetrazine derivatives overcome temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Mapping the global research landscape and innovations on elderly glioma: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Combination Cancer Therapy and Reference Models for Assessing Drug Synergy in Glioblastoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- The Clinical Utility of Cell-Free DNA in Brain Tumor Management: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Review
- USP14-mediated stabilization of ACTN1 maintains mesenchymal characteristics in glioblastoma.Communications biology · 2025Article
- IDO2-AhR axis as central regulator of the kynurenine pathway in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal MAZ(+) NPC-like clusters as key role contributing to glioma recurrence and drug resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- ARHGDIB as a prognostic biomarker and modulator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Machine learning for grading prediction and survival analysis in high grade glioma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Integrating Multiplex Immunohistochemistry and Machine Learning for Glioma Subtyping and Prognosis Prediction.MedComm · 2025Article
- Inhibition of hypoxic exosomal miR-423-3p decreases glioma progression by restricting autophagy in astrocytes.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- TUBB4A Inhibits Glioma Development by Regulating ROS-PINK1/Parkin-Mitophagy Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- CENPF interaction with PLA2G4A promotes glioma growth by modulating mTORC1 and NF-κB pathways.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- β-Ketoenamine covalent organic framework nanoplatform combined with immune checkpoint blockade via photodynamic immunotherapy inhibit glioblastoma progression.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioma is the most common lethal tumor of the human brain. The median survival of patients with primary World Health Organization grade IV glioma is only 14.6 months. The World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system categorized gliomas into lower-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. Unlike primary glioblastoma that usually develop de novo in the elderly, secondary glioblastoma enriched with an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant typically progresses from lower-grade glioma within 5-10 years from the time of diagnosis. Based on various evolutional trajectories brought on by clonal and subclonal alterations, the evolution patterns of glioma vary according to different theories. Some important features distinguish the normal brain from other tissues, e.g., the composition of the microenvironment around the tumor cells, the presence of the blood-brain barrier, and others. The underlying mechanism of glioma recurrence and evolution patterns of glioma are different from those of other types of cancer. Several studies correlated tumor recurrence with tumor heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment. However, the detailed reasons for the progression and recurrence of glioma remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the different mechanisms involved in glioma progression, including tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment and drug resistance, and their pre-clinical implements in clinical trials. This review aimed to provide new insights into further clinical strategies for the treatment of patients with recurrent and secondary glioma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.