ArticleCommunications biology2021
Regulatory T cells induce polarization of pro-repair macrophages by secreting sFGL2 into the endometriotic milieu.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Macrophages in Endometrial Cyclical Changes and Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- p16 Beyond Senescence: Cancer Biology Lessons Applied to Endometriosis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Endometriosis immune microenvironment timing shifts: from immune escape to immune exhaustion.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Endometriosis as a Systemic and Complex Disease: Toward Phenotype-Based Classification and Personalized Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Eutopic Endometrium Immune Changes Involved in Development and Progression of Endometriosis: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Immune dysregulation in endometriosis: the T cell perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A streamlined and comprehensive protocol for the generation and multi-omic analysis of human monocyte-derived macrophages.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome in patients with early-stage and late-stage endometriosis.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Macrophage-derived Fgl2 dampens antitumor immunity through regulation of FcγRIIB+CD8+ T cells in melanoma.JCI insight · 2025Article
- T cell related osteoimmunology in fracture healing: Potential targets for augmenting bone regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Novel predictive biomarkers for atonic postpartum hemorrhage as explored by proteomics and metabolomics.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Exploring a pico-well based scRNA-seq method (HIVE) for simplified processing of equine bronchoalveolar lavage cells.PloS one · 2025Article
- Hypomethylation of IL6ST promotes development of endometriosis by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.PloS one · 2025Article
- IL-24 producing regulatory T and B lymphocytes in endometriosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Imbalance of T cell subsets: a core event that mediates the progression of T2DM and its complications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Local administration of regulatory T cells promotes tissue healing.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Immunosuppressive Receptor CD32b Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Its Implications in Tumor Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- CD8Nature communications · 2024Article
- Diverse macrophage populations contribute to distinct manifestations of human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease.The British journal of dermatology · 2024Article
- Immune niches for hair follicle development and homeostasis.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increased number of highly active regulatory T cells (Tregs) and macrophages has been found in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Here, we show that the level of Tregs-derived soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) increases in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Higher expression of FGL2 and its receptor CD32B is observed in eutopic endometrium and ectopic tissues. The production of sFGL2 in Tregs may be enhanced by several cytokines. sFGL2 selectively induces pro-repair macrophage polarization mainly through the activation of the SHP2-ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway, and the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, sFGL2 induces a much higher level of metallothionein (MT) expression that in turn facilitates pro-repair macrophages polarization. sFGL2-induced pro-repair macrophages promote Th2 and Tregs differentiation, creating a positive feedback loop. These findings suggest that sFGL2 secreted by Tregs skews macrophages toward a pro-repair phenotype via SHP2-ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway, which is involved in the progression of endometriosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.