ArticleThe American journal of cardiology2021
Relation between Retinopathy and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium in Individuals with Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus (From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).
Article in The American journal of cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between carotid macrovascular and retinal microvascular alterations in diabetes: Evidence synthesis and implications for risk assessment.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Review
- Retinal and coronary imaging in type 1 diabetes: links between retinopathy and subclinical cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Machine learning models for risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy in Fujian eye study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mechanism of action and experimental validation of key genes common to diabetic retinopathy and coronary heart disease based on multiple bioinformatics investigations.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Screening and evaluation of diabetic retinopathyWorld journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Beyond the Heart: The Predictive Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in Non-Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratification.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Association between total bilirubin and gender-specific incidence of fundus arteriosclerosis in a Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Efficacy of laser photocoagulation plus ranibizumab in patients with diabetic retinopathy and their effect on VEGF.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Predictive Value of the Advanced Lipoprotein Profile and Glycated Proteins on Diabetic Retinopathy.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM); however, it is also increasingly recognized in persons without DM. The microvascular diseases may play a prominent role in coronary heart disease (CHD) development in individuals with DM. We performed the study to evaluate the relation between non-DM retinopathy and CHD and also the association between baseline retinopathy and incidence and progression of CHD in individuals with and without DM. We included 5709 subjects with and without DM from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, who had retinal photos and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) available. We studied the association between baseline retinopathy and incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in subjects with and without DM. In DM group, the presence of retinopathy was significantly associated with an increased rate of CAC (RR 1.3 (95% CI [1.02, 1.66]) after adjusting for age, sex, race, follow-up time, and CHD risk factors. In non-DM group, the presence of retinopathy was not significantly associated with increased risk of CAC, however, the interaction between presence of retinopathy and DM status was not statistically significant. Within the DM group with CAC present at baseline, the presence of retinopathy was significantly associated with greater CAC progression (113 Agatson units (AU) greater, (95% CI [51-174]). In the non-DM group with present CAC at baseline; the presence of retinopathy was associated with 24 (95% CI [-0.69, 48.76]) AU higher CAC progression. All findings were adjusted for CHD risk factors. In conclusion, after adjustment for major CHD risk factors, retinopathy was associated with progression of CAC in both DM and non-DM individuals. However, the association was stronger in those with DM.
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