ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2021
Acute associations between heatwaves and preterm and early-term birth in 50 US metropolitan areas: a matched case-control study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on heat thresholds for maternal health and birth outcomes.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Climate Change-Related Environmental Exposures and Perinatal and Maternal Health Outcomes in the U.S.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Acute association between heatwaves and stillbirth in six US states.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Association between extreme heat exposure and risk of preterm birth and its effect modifiers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Temperature extremes and maternal health: differential risks of severe maternal morbidity during heatwaves and coldwaves in North Carolina.International journal of biometeorology · 2026Article
- Identifying county-level effect modifiers of the association between heat waves and preterm birth using a Bayesian spatial meta regression approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Heat Waves and Early Birth: Exploring Vulnerability by Individual- and Area-Level Factors.GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Mental health disparities among maternal populations following heatwave exposure in North Carolina (2011-2019): a matched analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Preterm and Early-Term Delivery After Heat Waves in 50 US Metropolitan Areas.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Analysis of Heat Exposure During Pregnancy and Severe Maternal Morbidity.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association of Daytime-Only, Nighttime-Only, and Compound Heat Waves With Preterm Birth by Urban-Rural Area and Regional Socioeconomic Status in China.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The role of extreme heat exposure on premature rupture of membranes in Southern California: A study from a large pregnancy cohort.Environment international · 2023Article
- Adverse effects of temperature on perinatal and pregnancy outcomes: methodological challenges and knowledge gaps.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Racial Disparities in Climate Change-Related Health Effects in the United States.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Temporal patterns of weekly births and conceptions predicted by meteorology, seasonal variation, and lunar phases.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2022Article
- Estimating Heat-Related Exposures and Urban Heat Island Impacts: A Case Study for the 2012 Chicago Heatwave.GeoHealth · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of heatwaves on adverse birth outcomes is not well understood and may vary by how heatwaves are defined. The study aims to examine acute associations between various heatwave definitions and preterm and early-term birth.
methodsUsing national vital records from 50 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) between 1982 and 1988, singleton preterm (< 37 weeks) and early-term births (37-38 weeks) were matched (1:1) to controls who completed at least 37 weeks or 39 weeks of gestation, respectively. Matching variables were MSA, maternal race, and maternal education. Sixty heatwave definitions including binary indicators for exposure to sustained heat, number of high heat days, and measures of heat intensity (the average degrees over the threshold in the past 7 days) based on the 97.5
resultsThere were 615,329 preterm and 1,005,576 early-term case-control pairs in the analyses. For most definitions, exposure to heatwaves in the week before delivery was consistently associated with increased odds of early-term birth. Exposure to more high heat days and more degrees above the threshold yielded higher magnitude ORs. For exposure to 3 or more days over the 97.5
conclusionAlthough associations varied across metrics and heatwave definitions, heatwaves were more consistently associated with early-term birth than with preterm birth. This study's findings may have implications for prevention programs targeting vulnerable subgroups as climate change progresses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.