ArticleBMC health services research2021
Exploring willingness to pay for health insurance and preferences for a benefits package from the perspective of women from low-income households of Karachi, Pakistan.
Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Willingness-to-Pay for Health Insurance in South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health challenges · 2026Review
- The global landscape of willingness to pay for community-based health insurance research: A bibliometric analysis.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- Barriers to accessing eye care in Pakistan: a mixed methods study.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Investigating membership attrition dynamics in community-based health insurance: a survival analysis of socioeconomic and program-specific determinants in the Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Residents' Preferences for Inclusive Commercial Health Insurance: A Comparative Study of Discrete Choice Experiment and Best-Worst Scaling in Heilongjiang Province, China.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
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- Financing for equity for women's, children's and adolescents' health in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in women of reproductive age across low- and middle-income countries based on national data.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Individual and collective contribution of antenatal psychosocial distress conditions and preterm birth in Pakistani women.PloS one · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Willingness to Pay for Cost-Sharing under Universal Health Coverage Scheme in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAchieving universal health coverage (UHC) and reduction in out of pocket (OOP) expenditures on health, is a critical target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In low-middle income countries, micro-health insurance (MHI) schemes have emerged as a useful financing tool for laying grounds for Universal Health Coverage. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for designing a feasible health insurance scheme targeted at urban poor, by exploring preferences for an insurance benefits package and co-payments among women from low-income households in Karachi, Pakistan.
methodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted using household surveys between July-August 2015. A total of 167 female beneficiaries of Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP), a large-scale cash transfer scheme targeted at low-income households, were recruited in Karachi through a mix of convenience and snowball sampling. Hypothetical insurance benefits packages for a prospective health insurance scheme were formulated to capture respondents' preferences for health insurance benefits package and co-payments. All data was analyzed using Stata (version 13).
resultsRespondents reporting expenditure on OPD and hospitalization in the last 2 weeks were 93.4 and 11.9% respectively. The highest median expenditure was incurred on medicines. Out of the proposed benefits package, a majority (53%) of the study participants opted for the comprehensive benefits package that provided coverage for emergency care, hospitalization, OPD consultation, diagnostic tests and transportation. For the co-payment plan, 38.9% participants preferred no co-payments that is 100% insurance coverage of medicines followed by hospitalization (25.9%). Nearly half of the respondents (49.4%) chose outpatient consultation for 50% co-payment. A majority of the participants (65.3%) agreed to 100% co-payment for the transportation cost.
conclusionHealth insurance schemes can be introduced in urban areas, against collection of micro-payments, to prevent low-income households from facing financial catastrophe. A comprehensive benefits package covering emergency care, hospitalization, OPD consultation, diagnostic tests and transportation, is the most preferred among low-income beneficiaries.
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