ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2021
Beyond the average patient: how neuroimaging models can address heterogeneity in dementia.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking the norm: population-scale deviations of brain structure in depression and anxiety.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Personalized Estimates of Brain Cortical Structural Similarity in Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence from a Multi-Site Neuroimaging Dataset.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Serious Games for Seniors With Dementia: A Pilot Study.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Mapping heterogeneous brain structural subtypes in alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using normative models.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The influence of sample size and covariate distributions on neuroanatomical normative modeling.eLife · 2026Article
- Predicting developmental norms from baseline cortical thickness in longitudinal studies.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- A neuroimaging biomarker for disease staging in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal neuroimaging and AI integration in cognitive disorders: advances, challenges, and future directions for precision medicine.Psychoradiology · 2026Review
- Structural similarity networks reveal brain vulnerability in dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Challenges and best practices when using ComBAT to harmonize diffusion MRI data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal transcriptomic characteristics of immune and metabolic dysregulation during mouse brain aging.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Dissecting real-world memory clinical cohort heterogeneity: analysis of neuroanatomical subtypes using HYDRA.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Neuroanatomical normative modelling in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: higher heterogeneity in the behavioural variant.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- A hierarchical model of early brain functional network development.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2025Review
- Towards precision MRI biomarkers in epilepsy with normative modelling.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Beyond homogeneity: charting the landscape of heterogeneity in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric electroencephalography.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluating language model embeddings for Parkinson's disease cohort harmonization using a novel manually curated variable mapping schema.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterizing the heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases through EEG normative modeling.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Analyzing heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease using multimodal normative modeling on imaging-based ATN biomarkers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Altered triple network model connectivity is associated with cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dementia is a highly heterogeneous condition, with pronounced individual differences in age of onset, clinical presentation, progression rates and neuropathological hallmarks, even within a specific diagnostic group. However, the most common statistical designs used in dementia research studies and clinical trials overlook this heterogeneity, instead relying on comparisons of group average differences (e.g. patient versus control or treatment versus placebo), implicitly assuming within-group homogeneity. This one-size-fits-all approach potentially limits our understanding of dementia aetiology, hindering the identification of effective treatments. Neuroimaging has enabled the characterization of the average neuroanatomical substrates of dementias; however, the increasing availability of large open neuroimaging datasets provides the opportunity to examine patterns of neuroanatomical variability in individual patients. In this update, we outline the causes and consequences of heterogeneity in dementia and discuss recent research that aims to tackle heterogeneity directly, rather than assuming that dementia affects everyone in the same way. We introduce spatial normative modelling as an emerging data-driven technique, which can be applied to dementia data to model neuroanatomical variation, capturing individualized neurobiological 'fingerprints'. Such methods have the potential to detect clinically relevant subtypes, track an individual's disease progression or evaluate treatment responses, with the goal of moving towards precision medicine for dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.