ArticleAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2021
Testosterone-to-estradiol ratio and lung function in a prospective study of Puerto Rican youth.
Article in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Molecular brain · 2025Pooled it
- Violence-related distress and lung function in two longitudinal studies of youth.The European respiratory journal · 2022Trial
- Persistent exposure to second-hand smoke and asthma endotypes in a study of Puerto Rican youth.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-wide association study of sex effects identifies sex-specific nasal epithelial gene expression profiles for total IgE.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Overweight, obesity, adiposity measures, and asthma endotypes in Puerto Rican youth.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Androgens are a Key Factor Affecting Immune Related Diseases.The world journal of men's health · 2026Review
- Association between orchiectomy and asthma: Insights from 2 population-based cohorts.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Persistent cat ownership and asthma in a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2024Article
- Decreased levels of sex hormones in females with solitary pulmonary nodules were risk factors for malignancy.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Exposure to violence and asthma in Puerto Rican youth with high Th2 immunity.Pediatric pulmonology · 2023Article
- Low parental numeracy and severe asthma exacerbations in a prospective study of Puerto Rican youth.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2023Article
- The Influence of Sex Hormones and X Chromosome in Immune Responses.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Obesity-related asthma in children and adolescents.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2022Review
- Asthma interactions between obesity and other risk factors.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2022Review
- Diet, Asthma, and Severe Asthma Exacerbations in a Prospective Study of Puerto Rican Youth.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Article
- Sex differences in body composition affect total airway resistance during puberty.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAge- and sex-related differences in asthma may be due to changes in sex hormone levels.
objectiveTo evaluate whether a change in free testosterone or free testosterone-to-estradiol ratio is associated with changes in lung function and eosinophils in the Puerto Rican youth.
methodsWe tested for the association between the change in sex hormone levels and change in lung function or change in eosinophils in a prospective study of 317 children (with and without asthma) followed up from ages 6 to 14 years to ages 10 to 20 years (146 females, 171 males) in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and progesterone were measured at 2 study visits, approximately 4.9 years apart. Using testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, we derived free testosterone and the free testosterone-to-estradiol ratio. Multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis of change in lung function and eosinophils, conducted separately by sex.
resultsIn girls, each quartile increment in the free testosterone-to-estradiol ratio was associated with a 2.03% increment in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV
conclusionIn Puerto Rican youth, increased free testosterone-to-estradiol ratio over time was associated with an increased FEV
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.