ArticleFree radical biology & medicine2021
Nrf2 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer stem cells to ionizing radiation via suppressing DNA repair.
Article in Free radical biology & medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapy-resistant breast cancer in focus: Clinically relevant mitigation by flavonoids targeting cancer stem cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Mitochondrial dynamics: A promising tool for personalized TNBC management.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Two stress-responsive kinases suppress ferroptosis by activating antioxidant programs under mild oxidative stress.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Properties and the Impact of Caffeic Acid-Entrapped Liposomes on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines Exposed to Doxorubicin.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From metabolism to genome integrity: NRF2 as a key mediator of cancer therapy response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and radiation-induced injury: mechanistic insights and microbial therapies.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Global research landscapes of ALDH2 and cancer revealed by bibliometric analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A guide to reactive oxygen species in tumour hypoxia: measurement and therapeutic implications.Molecular oncology · 2025Review
- Resistance to radiation enhances metastasis by altering RNA metabolism.Science advances · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Mechanisms Governing Nrf2 Expression and Its Role in Ferroptosis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Nobiletin suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating the KEAP1/NRF2/ARE pathway.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Redox Imbalance: Common Mechanisms in Cancer Stem Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Cells · 2025Review
- Polyphenols as Potential Antioxidants for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Role of Oxidative Stress Signaling, Nrf2, on Survival and Stemness of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exposed to X-rays, Protons and Carbon Ions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clobetasol propionate, a Nrf-2 inhibitor, sensitizes human lung cancer cells to radiation-induced killing via mitochondrial ROS-dependent ferroptosis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- CDK2-activated TRIM32 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation promotes radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- NRF2 activation by cysteine as a survival mechanism for triple-negative breast cancer cells.Oncogene · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of targeting Nrf2 by panobinostat in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- miR-141-3p promotes paclitaxel resistance by attenuating ferroptosis via the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in breast cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Roles of NRF2 in DNA damage repair.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Radiation is widely used for cancer treatment but the radioresistance properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) pose a significant challenge to the success of cancer therapy. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a prominent regulator of cellular antioxidant responses and its over-activation is associated with drug resistant in cancer cells. However, the role of Nrf2 signaling in regulating the response of CSCs to irradiation has yet to be defined. Here, we show that exposure of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to ionizing radiation (IR) upregulates Nrf2 expression and promotes its nuclear translocation in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Ectopic overexpression of Nrf2 attenuates, whereas knockdown of Nrf2 potentiates IR-induced killing of TNBC CSCs. Mechanistically, we found that Nrf2 knockdown increases IR-induced ROS production and impedes DNA repair at least in part via inhibition of DNA-PK. Furthermore, activation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane diminishes, whereas inhibition of Nrf2 by ML385 enhances IR-induced killing of TNBC CSCs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IR-induced ROS production can activate Nrf2 signaling, which in turn counteracts the killing effect of irradiation. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of IR-induced Nrf2 activation by ML385 could be a new therapeutic approach to sensitize therapy-resistant CSCs to radiotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.