ArticlePLoS biology2021
A functional bacteria-derived restriction modification system in the mitochondrion of a heterotrophic protist.
Article in PLoS biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the Phylogeny and Enigmatic Mitochondrial Biology of Eustigmatophyte Algae From Over 50 Newly Sequenced Organellar Genomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Charting the landscape of organellar genome evolution in eustigmatophyte algae.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Evolution and maintenance of mtDNA gene content across eukaryotes.The Biochemical journal · 2024Review
- The immune modules conserved across the tree of life: Towards a definition of ancestral immunity.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial genomes revisited: why do different lineages retain different genes?BMC biology · 2024Review
- Independent and sensory human mitochondrial functions reflecting symbiotic evolution.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Selfish gene leaves bacteria behind.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Dynamics during Development.Newborn (Clarksville, Md.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The overarching trend in mitochondrial genome evolution is functional streamlining coupled with gene loss. Therefore, gene acquisition by mitochondria is considered to be exceedingly rare. Selfish elements in the form of self-splicing introns occur in many organellar genomes, but the wider diversity of selfish elements, and how they persist in the DNA of organelles, has not been explored. In the mitochondrial genome of a marine heterotrophic katablepharid protist, we identify a functional type II restriction modification (RM) system originating from a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event involving bacteria related to flavobacteria. This RM system consists of an HpaII-like endonuclease and a cognate cytosine methyltransferase (CM). We demonstrate that these proteins are functional by heterologous expression in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. These results suggest that a mitochondrion-encoded RM system can function as a toxin-antitoxin selfish element, and that such elements could be co-opted by eukaryotic genomes to drive biased organellar inheritance.
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