ArticleAIDS patient care and STDs2021
Internalized HIV Stigma Predicts Suboptimal Retention in Care Among People Living with HIV in the United States.
Article in AIDS patient care and STDs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and correlates of internalized stigma among adults with HIV and major depressive disorder in rural Malawi.AIDS care · 2023Trial
- Racial/Ethnic Disparity Among Persons Newly Diagnosed with HIV in New York State.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Routine collection of patient-reported outcomes in HIV clinics: lessons learned after more than 130 000 assessments have been completed.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Updated Internalized HIV Stigma Scale Among People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Internalized HIV Stigma and Lower HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- The burden of HIV-related stigma on clinical and quality of life outcomes: results from a systematic literature review.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2026Review
- Subjective social status in relation to the associations between internalized stigmas and missed HIV appointments among MSM who use substances.SSM. Mental health · 2025Article
- Barriers to Retention in Care among Adults with HIV in Developed Countries: An Integrative Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Review
- The Longitudinal Impact of Psychosocial Syndemic Variables on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People With HIV in Brazil, Thailand, and Zambia: An Analysis by HIV Transmission Groups in HPTN 063.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2025Article
- The HIV Index Is Associated With Retention in Care Among Latinx Persons Living With HIV in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2024Article
- The Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Retention in HIV Care Among Adults Living with HIV in Florida.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Real experience of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of iceberg theory: a qualitative research.BMJ open · 2024Article
- What may encourage or deter health services utilization by people living with or at the risk of HIV/AIDS in special health centers? Qualitative evidence from a stigmatized community.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The association between fear of progression and medical coping strategies among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Assessing HIV-related stigma in the clinical setting: are providers in Florida interested?AIDS care · 2024Article
- Receipt of Injectable HIV Treatment in Clinic Versus at Home: Perspectives of Persons Living with HIV Infection.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Article
- The Influence of Anticipated HIV Stigma on Health-related Behaviors, Self-rated Health, and Treatment Preferences Among People Living with HIV in East Asia.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- The Thai Internalized HIV-related Stigma Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Associations between female birth sex and risk of chronic kidney disease development among people with HIV in the USA: A longitudinal, multicentre, cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- "That same stigma...that same hatred and negativity:" a qualitative study to understand stigma and medical mistrust experienced by people living with HIV diagnosed with COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-related stigma is a known barrier to retention in care. However, no large-scale, multi-site studies have prospectively evaluated the effect of internalized stigma on retention in care. The Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort study integrates medical record and survey data from people living with HIV (PLWH) seen in HIV primary care clinics across the United States, and assesses internalized stigma yearly using a validated 4-item Likert scale. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate associations between mean internalized stigma and two prospective retention in care outcomes: keeping the next primary care appointment and keeping all scheduled primary care appointments in the 12 months following stigma assessment. From February 2016 to November 2017, 5968 PLWH completed the stigma assessment and had adequate follow-up time. Mean stigma was 1.9 (standard deviation 1.08). Increased mean stigma scores were associated with decreased odds of attending the next primary care appointment [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.99,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.