ReviewTropical animal health and production2021
Vaccination against pathogenic clostridia in animals: a review.
Review in Tropical animal health and production, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile contamination in healthcare and non-healthcare environments: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2026Pooled it
- Pentavalent Recombinant Vaccine Using Escherichia coli Bacterins Against Major Clostridium Toxins in Ruminants.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- The impact of bacterial and viral diseases on dromedary camel (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Non-animal testing of Iranian enterotoxemia vaccine: cell culture assay for Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- Development of microfluidic ELISA for measuring humoral responses to clostridial antigens in vaccinated cattle.Journal of immunological methods · 2025Article
- Sortase-mediated surface display of a chimeric immunogen on Bacillus subtilis: a chicken necrotic enteritis vaccine candidate.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Blackleg: A deadly disease with a hidden cause.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Sheep immune response against a novel recombinant enterotoxemia and infectious necrotic hepatitis vaccine in Türkiye.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Efficacy of a New Commercial Vaccine AgainstAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Conventional and molecular identification of Iranian Clostridia species associated with animal infection.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025Article
- A simple cost-effective method for purification ofVeterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025Article
- Humoral and cellular immune responses in cattle uponFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effects of a Diet ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of Vaccination AgainstVaccines · 2024Article
- Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens: Challenges in testing and using alternative products.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Review
- Blackleg: A Review of the Agent and Management of the Disease in Brazil.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- A Literature Review of Selected Bacterial Diseases in Alpacas and Llamas-Epidemiology, Clinical Signs and Diagnostics.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Evaluation of humoral immune responses againstVeterinary and animal science · 2023Article
- Advanced Situation with Recombinant Toxins: Diversity, Production and Application Purposes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Major pathogenicIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, and spore-forming bacterium, which is found in the surrounding environments throughout the world. Clostridium species cause botulism, tetanus, enterotoxaemia, gas gangrene, necrotic enteritis, pseudomembranous colitis, blackleg, and black disease. Clostridium infection causes severe economic losses in livestock and poultry industries. Vaccination seems to be an effective way to control Clostridial diseases. This review discusses the toxins and vaccine development of the most common pathogenic Clostridium species in animals, including Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium chauvoei, and Clostridium septicum. In this comprehensive study, we will review different kinds of clostridial toxins and the vaccines that are experimentally or practically available and will give a short description on each vaccine focusing on its applications, advantages, and disadvantages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.