ArticleEndocrine-related cancer2021
Immune checkpoint inhibitor related hypophysitis: diagnostic criteria and recovery patterns.
Article in Endocrine-related cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Endocrine Dysfunction: Early Detection of Symptoms and Timely Intervention.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Beyond Tumor Immunity: The Disruption of Endocrine and Infectious Homeostasis by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Concomitant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Induced Central and Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Diagnostic Challenge.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Adrenal crisis occurring after the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a hepatitis B - related hepatocellular carcinoma patient: case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Managing Select Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- An Update on Advances in Hypopituitarism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Current Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Clinical and translational attributes of immune-related adverse events.Nature cancer · 2024Review
- Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency in adults.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Differences in checkpoint-inhibitor-induced hypophysitis: mono- versus combination therapy induced hypophysitis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Hypophysitis Induced by Sintilimab in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer: A Case Report.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Approach to the Patient With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Endocrine Dysfunction.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Recent Therapeutic Advances in Pituitary Carcinoma.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2023Review
- Autoantibodies involved in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Immuno-oncology technology · 2023Review
- Adrenal crisis mainly manifested as recurrent syncope secondary to tislelizumab: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Routine Screening for Central and Primary Adrenal Insufficiency during Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: An Endocrinology Perspective for Oncologists.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- [Pituitary immune-related adverse events induced by programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors in advanced lung cancer patients: A report of 3 cases].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Data on the diagnosis, natural course and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related hypophysitis (irH) are limited. We propose this study to validate the diagnostic criteria, describe characteristics and hormonal recovery and investigate factors associated with the occurrence and recovery of irH. A retrospective study including patients with suspected irH at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 5/2003 to 8/2017 was conducted. IrH was defined as: (1) ACTH or TSH deficiency plus MRI changes or (2) ACTH and TSH deficiencies plus headache/fatigue in the absence of MRI findings. We found that of 83 patients followed for a median of 1.75 years (range 0.6-3), the proposed criteria used at initial evaluation accurately identified 61/62 (98%) irH cases. In the irH group (n = 62), the most common presentation was headache (60%), fatigue (66%), central hypothyroidism (94%), central adrenal insufficiency (69%) and MRI changes (77%). Compared with non-ipilimumab (ipi) regimens, ipi has a stronger association with irH occurrence (P = 0.004) and a shorter time to irH development (P < 0.01). Thyroid, gonadal and adrenal axis recovery occurred in 24, 58 and 0% patients, respectively. High-dose steroids (HDS) or ICI discontinuation was not associated with hormonal recovery. In the non-irH group (n = 19), one patient had isolated central hypothyroidism and six had isolated central adrenal insufficiency. All remained on hormone therapy at the last follow-up. We propose a strict definition of irH that identifies the vast majority of patients. HDS and ICI discontinuation is not always beneficial. Long-term follow-up to assess recovery is needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.