Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33889667›Full record

ArticleBio-protocol2021

A Potent Vaccine Delivery System.

Guangzu Zhao, Armira Azuar, Istvan Toth, Mariusz Skwarczynski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bio-protocol, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Guangzu ZhaoSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Armira AzuarSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Istvan TothSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Mariusz SkwarczynskiSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most vaccines require co-delivery of an adjuvant in order to generate the desired immune responses. However, many currently available adjuvants are non-biodegradable, have limited efficacy, and/or poor safety profile. Thus, new adjuvants, or self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery systems, are required. Here, we proposed a self-adjuvanting delivery system that is fully defined, biodegradable, and non-toxic. The system is produced by conjugation of polyleucine to peptide antigen, followed by self-assembly of the conjugate into nanoparticles. The protocol includes solid-phase peptide synthesis of the vaccine conjugate, purification, self-assembly and physicochemical characterization of the product. Overall, this protocol describes, in detail, the production of a well-defined and effective self-adjuvanting delivery system for peptide antigens, along with tips for troubleshooting.

Indexed as

Delivery systemParticle self-assemblyPeptide synthesisPoly (hydrophobic amino acid)PolyleucineSecondary structureSelf-adjuvanting nanoparticlesSubunit vaccine

Identifiers

PMID33889667
PMCPMC8054473

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.