ArticleCommunications biology2021
ExoSTING, an extracellular vesicle loaded with STING agonists, promotes tumor immune surveillance.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoengineered STING agonists for cancer therapy: toward immunodynamic control.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Nanotechnology-driven STING regulation for on-demand therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Combining antibody conjugates with cytotoxic and immune-stimulating payloads maximizes anti-cancer activity.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Beyond Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Hype: Practical Solutions and Remaining Hurdles in EV Research, Manufacturing, and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Roles of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in viral latency.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Harnessing CAR-Extracellular Vesicles for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- M1 macrophage membrane-engineered PLGA nanoparticles reprogram M2 tumor-associated macrophages to enhance anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles displaying bi-specific T-cell engagers for targeted therapy of B-cell malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Novel perspectives on extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: immunogenicity, inflammation, and immune surveillance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- The cGAS-STING pathway in ovarian cancer: from genomic instability to immunotherapeutic vulnerability.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms for precision activation of the STING pathway in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Emerging Role of Nanocarrier-Based Delivery Systems for cGAS-STING Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles: pharmacological barriers, engineering strategies, and translational opportunities.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Decoding the spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor immune niche remodeling in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumour-specific STING agonist synthesis via a two-component prodrug system.Nature chemistry · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of the STimulator of InterferoN Genes (STING) pathway have shown immune activation and tumor clearance in pre-clinical models. However, CDNs administered intratumorally also promote STING activation leading to direct cytotoxicity of many cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), systemic inflammation due to rapid tumor extravasation of the CDN, and immune ablation in the TME. These result in a failure to establish immunological memory. ExoSTING, an engineered extracellular vesicle (EV) exogenously loaded with CDN, enhances the potency of CDN and preferentially activates antigen presenting cells in the TME. Following intratumoral injection, exoSTING was retained within the tumor, enhanced local Th1 responses and recruitment of CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.