ArticleScientific reports2021
Racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes exist despite comparable Elixhauser comorbidity indices between Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Whites.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Health Conditions and Uptake of COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among Native Americans in Oklahoma in the RADx-UP Consortium.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A Research Agenda to Mitigate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Critical Care Medicine: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- QUIET WARRIOR - Rationale and design: An ancillary study to the Women's IschemiA TRial to Reduce Events in Nonobstructive CAD (WARRIOR).American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Use of Different Inclusion Criteria to Compare COVID-19 Hospital Admission Rates by Race and Ethnicity: A Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Associations of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity with clinical symptoms and race/ethnicity: The household transmission study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Recognising the heterogeneity of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review across Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Race and Ethnicity Disparities in Management and Outcomes of Critically Ill Adults with Acute Respiratory Failure.Critical care clinics · 2024Review
- Identifying Potential Factors Associated With Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Machine Learning on Real-World Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Modeling the relative influence of socio-demographic variables on post-acute COVID-19 quality of life.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Racial, ethnic and sex disparity in acute heart failure patients with COVID-19: A nationwide analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Healthcare access, attitudes and behaviours among Navajo adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 by vaccination status: a multicenter historical cohort study.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Health Behavior and Attitudes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Vulnerable and Underserved Latinx in the Southwest USA.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- African Americans Possessed High Prevalence of Comorbidities and Frequent Abdominal Symptoms, and Comprised A Disproportionate Share of Covid-19 Mortality among 9,873 Us- Hospitalized Patients Early in the Pandemic.Archives of internal medicine research · 2024Article
- Explaining COVID-19 related mortality disparities in American Indians and Alaska Natives.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Associations Between Insurance, Race and Ethnicity, and COVID-19 Hospitalization, Beyond Underlying Health Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Article
- Emergent Social Capital during the Coronavirus Pandemic in the United States in Hispanics/Latinos.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Factors Associated With Poor Outcomes Among Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infection and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Gastro hep advances · 2023Article
- Migration background and COVID-19 related intensive care unit admission and mortality in the Netherlands: A cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Factors contributing to racial inequities in outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain poorly understood. We compared by race the risk of 4 COVID-19 health outcomes--maximum length of hospital stay (LOS), invasive ventilation, hospitalization exceeding 24 h, and death--stratified by Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI) ranking. Outcomes and ECI scores were constructed from retrospective data obtained from the Cerner COVID-19 De-Identified Data cohort. We hypothesized that racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes would exist despite comparable ECI scores among non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), and NH Whites. Compared with NH Whites, NH Blacks had longer hospital LOS, higher rates of ventilator dependence, and a higher mortality rate; AI/ANs, higher odds of hospitalization for ECI = 0 but lower for ECI ≥ 5, longer LOS for ECI = 0, a higher risk of death across all ECI categories except ECI ≥ 5, and higher odds of ventilator dependence; Hispanics, a lower risk of death across all ECI categories except ECI = 0, lower odds of hospitalization, shorter LOS for ECI ≥ 5, and higher odds of ventilator dependence for ECI = 0 but lower for ECI = 1-4. Our findings contest arguments that higher comorbidity levels explain elevated COVID-19 death rates among NH Blacks and AI/ANs compared with Hispanics and NH Whites.
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