ArticleScientific reports2021
Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on skin resident microflora dynamics.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot study on the cutaneous effects of ethanol in a moisturizing cream on non-lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- A review of skin microbiome and new challenges to cosmetic microbiome-friendly formulations.International journal of cosmetic science · 2026Review
- Topical Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Veterinary Medicine: Advancing Animal Health Through a One Health Approach.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- The human skin microbiome remains unchanged after 24 h of sunscreen application.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- The Skin Microbiome and Bioactive Compounds: Mechanisms of Modulation, Dysbiosis, and Dermatological Implications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Microbiome-Based Interventions for Skin Aging and Barrier Function: A Comprehensive Review.Annals of dermatology · 2025Review
- Microecology in vitro model replicates the human skin microbiome interactions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Influence of Cosmetic Skincare Products with pH < 5 on the Skin Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Evaluation.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Integrated analysis of facial microbiome and skin physio-optical properties unveils cutotype-dependent aging effects.Microbiome · 2024Article
- A New Generation of Postbiotics for Skin and Scalp: In Situ Production of Lipid Metabolites byMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- The dynamic relationship between skin microbiomes and personal care products: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Review
- Facial Skin Microbiome Composition and Functional Shift with Aging.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Skin Deep: The Potential of Microbiome Cosmetics.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Article
- Metagenomic insights into the effects of cosmetics containing complex polysaccharides on the composition of skin microbiota in females.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Influence of Sex on the Microbiota of the Human Face.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Chemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of the Peel and Male Flower By-Products of Four Varieties ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human skin is populated by various microorganisms, the so-called microbiota, such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, and archaea. The skin microbiota is in constant contact with the surrounding environment which can alter its eubiotic state. Recently it has been also observed that the application of cosmetic products can alter the balance of the skin microbiota. This effect may be attributed to many factors including the residual activity of the preservatives on the skin. In the present work, we studied the effect of eleven preservatives commonly found in cosmetic products on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro using 3D skin models and culture-dependent methods. Also, the effect on Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been investigated. Among tested combinations, three resulted as the best suitable for restoring a pre-existing dysbiosis since they act moderately inhibiting C. acnes and strongly S. aureus without simultaneously inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis. The other four combinations resulted as the best suitable for use in topical products for skin and scalp in which it is necessary to preserve the eubiosis of the microbiota. Some of the tested were also able to increase HDAC3 expression. Taking together these data highlight the role of preservatives of skin resident microflora dynamics and could provide a reference for correctly choice preservatives and dosage in cosmetic formulations to preserve or restore homeostasis of skin microbiota.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.