Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33888693›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

An alternative approach to nucleic acid memory.

George D Dickinson, Golam Md Mortuza, William Clay, Luca Piantanida, Christopher M Green, Chad Watson, Eric J Hayden, Tim Andersen, Wan Kuang, Elton Graugnard and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Two-dimensional data storage using a DNA molecular register.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Breaking of the Up-Down Symmetry of DNA Origami on a Solid Substrate.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. DNA storage: The future direction for medical cold data storage.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. A primordial DNA store and compute engine.Nature nanotechnology · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

George D Dickinson *Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7711-0388
Golam Md Mortuza *Department of Computer Science, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1929-5251
William Clay *Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
Luca Piantanida *Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7378-0413
Christopher M GreenMicron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7848-7144
Chad WatsonMicron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
Eric J HaydenDepartment of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6078-5418
Tim AndersenDepartment of Computer Science, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0279-2422
Wan KuangDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
Elton GraugnardMicron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0497-9821
Reza ZadeganMicron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9662-7331
William L HughesMicron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA. willhughes@boisestate.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0102-3573

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

DNA is a compelling alternative to non-volatile information storage technologies due to its information density, stability, and energy efficiency. Previous studies have used artificially synthesized DNA to store data and automated next-generation sequencing to read it back. Here, we report digital Nucleic Acid Memory (dNAM) for applications that require a limited amount of data to have high information density, redundancy, and copy number. In dNAM, data is encoded by selecting combinations of single-stranded DNA with (1) or without (0) docking-site domains. When self-assembled with scaffold DNA, staple strands form DNA origami breadboards. Information encoded into the breadboards is read by monitoring the binding of fluorescent imager probes using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy. To enhance data retention, a multi-layer error correction scheme that combines fountain and bi-level parity codes is used. As a prototype, fifteen origami encoded with 'Data is in our DNA!\n' are analyzed. Each origami encodes unique data-droplet, index, orientation, and error-correction information. The error-correction algorithms fully recover the message when individual docking sites, or entire origami, are missing. Unlike other approaches to DNA-based data storage, reading dNAM does not require sequencing. As such, it offers an additional path to explore the advantages and disadvantages of DNA as an emerging memory material.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsDNA, Single-StrandedInformation Storage and RetrievalNanostructuresNanotechnologyNucleic Acid ConformationProof of Concept StudyDNA, Single-Stranded

Identifiers

PMID33888693
PMCPMC8062470

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.