Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33888251›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the American College of Cardiology2021

Group Medical Visit and Microfinance Intervention for Patients With Diabetes or Hypertension in Kenya.

Rajesh Vedanthan, Jemima H Kamano, Stavroula A Chrysanthopoulou, Richard Mugo, Benjamin Andama, Gerald S Bloomfield, Cleophas W Chesoli, Allison K DeLong, David Edelman, Eric A Finkelstein and 9 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02501746 (Bridging Income Generation With Group Integrated Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02501746 nacompletednot on this map

Bridging Income Generation With Group Integrated Care (BIGPIC)

TypeinterventionalSponsorNYU Langone HealthRan2017 to 2019Enrolled2,890ConditionsCardiovascular Disease, DiabetesArmsUsual Clinical Care, Group Medical Visits, Microfinance Groups
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Group-delivered interventions for lowering blood pressure in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
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  7. Home-Based Care for Hypertension in Rural South Africa.The New England journal of medicine · 2025
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  13. "medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Rajesh VedanthanNew York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address: rajesh.vedanthan@nyulangone.org.
Jemima H KamanoSchool of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
Stavroula A ChrysanthopoulouBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Richard MugoAcademic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
Benjamin AndamaAcademic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
Gerald S BloomfieldDuke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Cleophas W ChesoliAcademic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
Allison K DeLongBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
David EdelmanDuke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Eric A FinkelsteinDuke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.
Carol R HorowitzIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Simon ManyaraAcademic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
Diana MenyaSchool of Public Health, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
Violet NaanyuSchool of Arts and Social Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Vitalis OrangoAcademic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
Sonak D PastakiaPurdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Thomas W ValenteUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Joseph W HoganBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Valentin FusterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
AMPATH · KEBrown University · USMoi University · KEDuke University · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USNational University of Singapore · SGNew York University · USPurdue University West Lafayette · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

Translational ScienceP30AI042853 · NIAID · MIRIAM HOSPITAL · PI CURT G BECKWITH, DEBBIE M. CHENG · 1998 to 2026
$51.7M
New York Regional Center for Diabetes Translation Research - Translational Intervention Methodology CoreP30DK111022 · NIDDK · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI JEFFREY GONZALEZ · 2016 to 2026
$7.8M
Bridging Income Generation with Group Integrated Care (BIGPIC)R01HL125487 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI VEDANTHAN, RAJESH · 2015 to 2019
$3.4M
Brown Moi Partnership for Biostatistics Training in HIV-NAMBARID43TW010050 · FIC · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI JOSEPH W HOGAN · 2015 to 2026
$3.2M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010050NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL125487NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI042853NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK111022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIncorporating social determinants of health into care delivery for chronic diseases is a priority.

objectivesThe goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of group medical visits and/or microfinance on blood pressure reduction.

methodsThe authors conducted a cluster randomized trial with 4 arms and 24 clusters: 1) usual care (UC); 2) usual care plus microfinance (MF); 3) group medical visits (GMVs); and 4) GMV integrated into MF (GMV-MF). The primary outcome was 1-year change in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Mixed-effects intention-to-treat models were used to evaluate the outcomes.

resultsA total of 2,890 individuals (69.9% women) were enrolled (708 UC, 709 MF, 740 GMV, and 733 GMV-MF). Average baseline SBP was 157.5 mm Hg. Mean SBP declined -11.4, -14.8, -14.7, and -16.4 mm Hg in UC, MF, GMV, and GMV-MF, respectively. Adjusted estimates and multiplicity-adjusted 98.3% confidence intervals showed that, relative to UC, SBP reduction was 3.9 mm Hg (-8.5 to 0.7), 3.3 mm Hg (-7.8 to 1.2), and 2.3 mm Hg (-7.0 to 2.4) greater in GMV-MF, GMV, and MF, respectively. GMV and GMV-MF tended to benefit women, and MF and GMV-MF tended to benefit poorer individuals. Active participation in GMV-MF was associated with greater benefit.

conclusionsA strategy combining GMV and MF for individuals with diabetes or hypertension in Kenya led to clinically meaningful SBP reductions associated with cardiovascular benefit. Although the significance threshold was not met in pairwise comparison hypothesis testing, confidence intervals for GMV-MF were consistent with impacts ranging from substantive benefit to neutral effect relative to UC. Incorporating social determinants of health into care delivery for chronic diseases has potential to improve outcomes. (Bridging Income Generation With Group Integrated Care [BIGPIC]; NCT02501746).

Indexed as

AgedBlood PressureCluster AnalysisDelivery of Health CareDiabetes MellitusFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGroup PracticeHumansHypertensionKenyaMaleMiddle Ageddiabetesgroup medical visitshypertensionKenyamicrofinancesocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID33888251
PMCPMC8065205
OpenAlexW3153363338

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.