ArticleBMC medicine2021
Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Sickle Cell Disease: Method-Driven Estimates and Systematic Diagnostic Misclassification.European journal of haematology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization studies on ischemic stroke: a field synopsis and systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Combined use of amlodipine and folic acid are significantly more efficacious than amlodipine alone in lowering plasma homocysteine and blood pressure among hypertensive patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and intolerance to ACEI: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Trial
- Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the case-control studies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- B vitamins and cardiovascular health: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and precision prevention strategies.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Metabolome Wide Mendelian Randomization Assessing the Causal Relationship Between Serum Metabolites, Cerebrospinal Metabolites, and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Short-term effects of haze exposure on clinical and subclinical cardiovascular indicators among adults in Nanjing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between dietary B vitamin intakes and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and an external hospital-based dataset.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- B Vitamins and Ocular Health.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Betaine as a regulator of metabolism, epigenetics, and cellular osmoprotection: therapeutic implications in cardiometabolic and renal diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Determinants of Thyroid Dysfunction in Southern Saudi Arabia: Identifying High-Risk Populations Through Integrated Risk Factor Analysis.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- The role of orexin A in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke at high altitude.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Relationship and predictive value of controlling nutritional status score and serum vitamin level with coronary heart disease in young and middle-aged adults.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Role of hyperhomocysteinemia in atherosclerosis: from bench to bedside.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Role and Relationship Between Homocysteine and HMolecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Investigating the role of homocysteine and B vitamins in gestational diabetes mellitus: Mendelian randomization study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Homocysteine in the Cardiovascular Setting: What to Know, What to Do, and What Not to Do.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhether a modestly elevated homocysteine level is causally associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease remains unestablished. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of circulating total homocysteine (tHcy) and B vitamin levels with cardiovascular diseases in the general population.
methodsIndependent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with tHcy (n = 14), folate (n = 2), vitamin B6 (n = 1), and vitamin B12 (n = 14) at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for 12 cardiovascular endpoints were obtained from genetic consortia, the UK Biobank study, and the FinnGen consortium.
resultsHigher genetically predicted circulating tHcy levels were associated with an increased risk of stroke. For each one standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted tHcy levels, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03, 1.21; p = 0.008) for any stroke, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05, 1.51; p = 0.013) for subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03, 1.21; p = 0.011) for ischemic stroke. Higher genetically predicted folate levels were associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease (OR
conclusionsThis study reveals suggestive evidence that B vitamin therapy and lowering of tHcy may reduce the risk of stroke, particularly subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.