ArticlePloS one2021
Meibomian glands dropout in patients with inactive thyroid related orbitopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Incomplete rather than complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction Is strongly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with PANDO: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Thyroid hormone signaling in ocular development and diseases.Biological research · 2025Review
- A novel nomogram to predict glucocorticoid response in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: findings from a pilot study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Ocular surface and meibomian gland evaluation in euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- [Evaluation of ocular surface status and function in primary Sjögren's syndrome with hypothyroidism].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2022Article
- Dry eye disease and tear film assessment through a novel non-invasive ocular surface analyzer: The OSA protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Meibomian Gland Loss and Dysfunction in Mild versus Moderate-Severe Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the structure and function of meibomian glands in patients with thyroid related orbitopathy (TRO) compared with age- and sex-matched controls without TRO.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 106 eyes of 53 patients with TRO and 106 eyes of 53 age- and sex-matched controls without TRO. Patients with TRO were assessed for thyroid hormone status, activity and severity of TRO. All participants completed OSDI questionnaires. Their meibomian glands' structure and function were assessed, including the area of meibomian gland dropout, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibum expressibility and quality scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining scores. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to compare between the two groups. The correlations between the area of meibomian gland dropout with symptoms and signs of TRO were evaluated using GEE and Spearman correlation.
resultsAll patients with TRO had inactive status. The mean area of meibomian gland dropout was higher in the TRO group (34.5±11.2%) compared with that of controls (30.1±10.7%, P = 0.03). Both mean meibum quality (TRO, 1.6±0.7; Controls, 2.0 ±0.5) and expressibility (TRO, 1.5 ±0.7; Controls, 1.7 ±0.6) scores were slightly better in the TRO group compared with those of controls (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in OSDI, corneal and conjunctival staining, TBUT and LLT. The area of meibomian gland dropout in patients with TRO was correlated with euthyroid status (P<0.05) and lagophthalmos (P = 0.03).
conclusionsPatients with inactive TRO showed significantly higher meibomian gland dropout compared with that of age- and sex-matched controls without TRO.
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