Observational studyMolecular pharmaceutics2021
Quantification of P-Glycoprotein in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Humans and Rodents: Methodology, Gut Region, Sex, and Species Matter.
Observational study in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Biopharmaceutical Profiling of Herpetrione: A BCS II Properties and P-gp Substrate Guiding Nanoparticle Design.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Transitioning from Transcriptomics to Proteomics: Enhancing Mechanistic Accuracy in PBPK Modeling via Absolute Protein Abundances.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Profiling of SLC and ABC Transporters in the Human Term Placenta.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Regulation of Glycemic Homeostasis by Theabrownin from Pu-erh Tea.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Sex-based differences in the NRF2 oxidative stress response: Implications for precision therapeutics.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Recent paclitaxel formulation strategies: expanding the therapeutic index by addressing biopharmaceutical and toxicity limitations.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of Oral Drug Absorption for Integrating Nonclinical Data into Human Pharmacokinetic Predictions.The AAPS journal · 2026Review
- Deconvoluting Gut Versus Liver Cytochrome P450 3A4 Function: Drug Probes, Biomarkers, and Tissue Biopsy.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Biological sex differences in pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Regional absorption of talinolol mediated by intestinal transporters: insights from PBPK modeling analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients During the First Month After Transplantation.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Exploratory Study of Sex Differences in P-Glycoprotein Function at the Blood-Brain Barrier.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Myosin Vb Traffics P-Glycoprotein to the Apical Membrane of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Interindividual variability in CYP3A-mediated venetoclax metabolism in vitro and in vivo in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Potential ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Membrane transporters in drug development and as determinants of precision medicine.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Digoxin Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Obesity Before and After a Gastric Bypass or a Strict Diet Compared with Normal Weight Individuals.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intestinal efflux transporters affect the gastrointestinal processing of many drugs but further data on their intestinal expression levels are required. Relative mRNA expression and relative and absolute protein expression data of transporters are commonly measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics techniques. All of these methods, however, have their own strengths and limitations, and therefore, validation for optimized quantification methods is needed. As such, the identification of the most appropriate technique is necessary to effectively translate preclinical findings to first-in-human trials. In this study, the mRNA expression and protein levels of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in jejunal and ileal epithelia of 30 male and female human subjects, and the duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colonic tissues in 48 Wistar rats were quantified using RT-PCR, Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A similar sex difference was observed in the expression of small intestinal P-gp in humans and Wistar rats where P-gp was higher in males than females with an increasing trend from the proximal to the distal parts in both species. A strong positive linear correlation was determined between the Western blot data and LC-MS/MS data in the small intestine of humans (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.