ArticleJCI insight2021
Penile bacteria associated with HIV seroconversion, inflammation, and immune cells.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of antimicrobials on penile HIV susceptibility and immunology in uncircumcised men: A randomized phase 1/2 clinical trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Oral uracil treatment increases susceptibility to rectal SIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- HIV Transmission and Immunology of the Male Reproductive Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- CD11c+ myeloid cells are the predominant CD4+CCR5+ immune population in the foreskin and are increased in men with HIV-associated penile anaerobes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Contemporary antiretroviral pharmacology in the male genital tract: implications for HIV treatment and prevention.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Anaerobe-Driven Inflammation and Epithelial Barrier Disruption in Genital HIV Acquisition.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Pathological phimosis is associated with foreskin immune cell infiltration but not microbiota composition.mSphere · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrated analysis of extrachromosomal circular DNA and transcriptome reveals associations between microbial profiles and Immunoinflammatory markers in hypospadias.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- The Nugent score is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for neovaginal bacteria in transfeminine people.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The Biosocial Microbiome: Gender Identity, Geography, and Mucosal Microbial Phenotypes.Research square · 2026Article
- The neovaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transfeminine individuals with penile inversion vaginoplasty.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The vaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transmasculine individuals using sustained testosterone therapy.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Genomic trends and emerging antimicrobial resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Real-time PCR assay design and validation for Prevotella bivia, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Dialister micraerophilus, bacteria associated with increased HIV susceptibility.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Penile microbiomes have important implications for HIV susceptibility and broader reproductive health.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- The Futility of Nugent Scoring as a Diagnostic Tool for Neovaginal Bacterial Dysbiosis in Transfeminine People.Research square · 2025Article
- Review
- HIV-associated penile anaerobes disrupt epithelial barrier integrity.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The foreskin is a site of heterosexual acquisition of HIV-1 among uncircumcised men. However, some men remain HIV-negative despite repeated, unprotected vaginal intercourse with HIV-positive partners, while others become infected after few exposures. The foreskin microbiome includes a diverse group of anaerobic bacteria that have been linked to HIV acquisition. However, these anaerobes tend to coassociate, making it difficult to determine which species might increase HIV risk and which may be innocent bystanders. Here, we show that 6 specific anaerobic bacterial species, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Dialister propionicifaciens, Dialister micraerophilus, and a genetic near neighbor of Dialister succinatiphilus, significantly increased cytokine production, recruited HIV-susceptible CD4+ T cells to the inner foreskin, and were associated with HIV acquisition. This strongly suggests that the penile microbiome increases host susceptibility to HIV and that these species are potential targets for microbiome-based prevention strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.