ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders2021
Validation of the nine item ARFID screen (NIAS) subscales for distinguishing ARFID presentations and screening for ARFID.
Article in The International journal of eating disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychological Therapies for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in Adolescents and Adults.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis: Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Examining the Psychometric Evaluations of Disordered Eating Scales in Adults Living With Gastrointestinal Conditions.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Properties of Two Self-Report Measures of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Psychometric and Clinical Utility.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- When Food Avoidance Meets Compatible Diagnostic Criteria: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder in adults within the community: A mixed-method study on individual impairment and progression.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Associations Between Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Dimensions and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026Article
- Disordered Eating Behaviors Many Years After Education in a Low FODMAP Diet in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Restrictive eating patterns in older adulthood: avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder symptoms and related factors.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Nutrition Support in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia, and Mast Cell Activation Syndromes.Current gastroenterology reports · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal Symptom-Specific Anxiety Predicts Positive SCOFF Screens in Adults With Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder and May Overestimate Eating Disorder Risk.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Sex-specific patterns of avoidant and restrictive eating in inflammatory bowel disease: validation of the German version of the Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder screen (NIAS).Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Relative Contributions of Gastrointestinal-Specific Hypervigilance and Anxiety in Explaining Eating Disorder Symptoms.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- The intensive outreach programme for child and adolescent eating disorders: an uncontrolled case series of clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Eating Disorders in Cystic Fibrosis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Is Common in Adults With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Is Associated With Malnutrition.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of the Pica, ARFID and Rumination Disorder Interview-ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI-AR-Q) in Turkish adolescents.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Food Neophobia in Adult Patients with Food Allergy: A Preliminary Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity and Gastrointestinal Symptom Burden in Adults with Celiac Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Co-Occurring Weight- and/or Shape-Motivated Restriction in 5747 Adults With Probable Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Screen (NIAS) has three subscales aligned with ARFID presentations but clinically validated cutoff scores have not been identified. We aimed to examine NIAS subscale (picky eating, appetite, fear) validity to: (1) capture clinically-diagnosed ARFID presentations; (2) differentiate ARFID from other eating disorders (other-ED); and (3) capture ARFID symptoms among individuals with ARFID, individuals with other-ED, and nonclinical participants.
methodParticipants included outpatients (ages 10-76 years; 75% female) diagnosed with ARFID (n = 49) or other-ED (n = 77), and nonclinical participants (ages 22-68 years; 38% female, n = 40). We evaluated criterion-related concurrent validity by conducting receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses to identify potential subscale cutoffs and by testing if cutoffs could capture ARFID with and without use of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q).
resultsEach NIAS subscale had high AUC for capturing those who fit versus do not fit each ARFID presentation, resulting in proposed cutoffs of ≥10 (sensitivity = .97, specificity = .63), ≥9 (sensitivity = .86, specificity = .70), and ≥ 10 (sensitivity = .68, specificity = .89) on the NIAS-picky eating, NIAS-appetite, and NIAS-fear subscales, respectively. ARFID versus other-ED had high AUC on the NIAS-picky eating (≥10 proposed cutoff), but not NIAS-appetite or NIAS-fear subscales. NIAS subscale cutoffs had a high association with ARFID diagnosis, but only correctly classified other-ED in combination with EDE-Q Global <2.3. DISCUSSION: To screen for ARFID, we recommend using a screening tool for other-ED (e.g., EDE-Q) in combination with a positive score on any NIAS subscale (i.e., ≥10, ≥9, and/or ≥10 on the NIAS-picky eating, NIAS-appetite, and NIAS-fear subscales, respectively).
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