ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2021
Vegetable nitrate intake, blood pressure and incident cardiovascular disease: Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between Vegetable Nitrate Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- A clinical study examining the effects of dietary nitrate on urinary N-nitrosamines.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Double-blind controlled dietary cross-over intervention with differentially fertilised intact lettuce leaves shows acute reduction in blood pressure in young adults, associated with faster uptake of nitrate than of phenolics.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Review
- Exploring the associations between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and markers of self-reported periodontal disease in the UK Biobank cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dietary Nitrate Intake and 16S rRNA-Inferred Nitrite-Generating Capacity of the Subgingival Microbiome May Influence Glucose Metabolism: Results From the Oral Infections Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS).Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Dietary Sources of Nitrate and Nitrite and Associations with Blood Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Representative United Kingdom Population.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Non-thermal processing of polyphenol- and carotenoid-rich green leafy vegetables for healthy aging: effects on antioxidant properties and bioavailability.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The association between vegetable-derived nitrate and nitrite intake, cardiovascular risk factors and glycemic markers in obese individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Source-specific nitrate intake and incident dementia in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Younger adult women who had a stroke or at high stroke risk: Exploration of their experiences and needs.Qualitative research in medicine & healthcare · 2025Article
- Response to letter to the editor: "Reevaluating the Neuroprotective promise of dietary nitrate: Commentary on Rajendra et al. (2025).The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Diet for Human and Planetary Health: Why We Should Consider Limiting Meat?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Higher plant-derived nitrate intake is associated with lower odds of frailty in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older women.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Source-specific nitrate intake and all-cause mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Promise of Lifestyle Medicine for Heart Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cerebrovascular Diseases.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2024Article
- Exploring the wound healing potential of dietary nitrate in diabetic rat model.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intakes and associations with sociodemographic factors in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Whether the vascular effects of inorganic nitrate, observed in clinical trials, translate to a reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with habitual dietary nitrate intake in prospective studies warrants investigation. We aimed to determine if vegetable nitrate, the major dietary nitrate source, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and lower risk of incident CVD. Among 53,150 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study, without CVD at baseline, vegetable nitrate intake was assessed using a comprehensive vegetable nitrate database. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using restricted cubic splines based on multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. During 23 years of follow-up, 14,088 cases of incident CVD were recorded. Participants in the highest vegetable nitrate intake quintile (median, 141 mg/day) had 2.58 mmHg lower baseline systolic BP (95%CI - 3.12, - 2.05) and 1.38 mmHg lower diastolic BP (95%CI - 1.66, - 1.10), compared with participants in the lowest quintile. Vegetable nitrate intake was inversely associated with CVD plateauing at moderate intakes (~ 60 mg/day); this appeared to be mediated by systolic BP (21.9%). Compared to participants in the lowest intake quintile (median, 23 mg/day), a moderate vegetable nitrate intake (median, 59 mg/day) was associated with 15% lower risk of CVD [HR (95% CI) 0.85 (0.82, 0.89)]. Moderate vegetable nitrate intake was associated with 12%, 15%, 17% and 26% lower risk of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, ischemic stroke and peripheral artery disease hospitalizations respectively. Consumption of at least ~ 60 mg/day of vegetable nitrate (~ 1 cup of green leafy vegetables) may mitigate risk of CVD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.