Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33884313›Full record

ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2021

Paediatric emergency department dog bite attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic: an audit at a tertiary children's hospital.

John S P Tulloch, Simon Minford, Vicky Pimblett, Matt Rotheram, Robert M Christley, Carri Westgarth

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Incidents of dog bites involving humans in the Khakhu Madala local area of the Thulamela sub-district, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2026
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  7. RE: Pediatric Dog Bites to the Face May Have Been Less Severe During COVID 19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2023
    Article
  8. Pediatric Dog Bites to the Face May Have Been Less Severe During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2023
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  15. US Adults' Perceptions of Dog Breed Bans, Dog Aggression and Breed-Specific Laws.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

John S P TullochInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2150-0090
Simon MinfordDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
Vicky PimblettDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
Matt RotheramEmergency Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
Robert M ChristleyInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
Carri WestgarthInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic include strict public health measures, such as national lockdowns. During these measures, paediatric emergency department attendances have declined and the prevalence of presenting complaints has changed. This study sought to identify whether dog bite attendance and victim demographics changed during COVID-19 public health measures. Methods: An audit was conducted of emergency department attendance data from a UK tertiary paediatric hospital between January 2016 and September 2020. Dog bite attendance and victim demographics were explored using χ Results: Dog bite attendance rose in conjunction with the introduction of COVID-19 public health measures and reached a peak in July 2020 (44 dog bites, 1.3% of all attendances were due to dog bites). This was a threefold increase in dog bite attendance. By September 2020, attendance had returned to normal. The demographic profile of child dog bite victims remained the same. Boys had the highest attendance rates in 7-12 year-olds, girls in 4-6 year-olds. Girls showed higher attendance rates in the summer, while boys' attendance rates were constant throughout the year. COVID-19 public health measures were associated with a 78% increase in attendance for boys and a 66% increase in girls. Conclusions: COVID-19 national public health measures were associated with an increase in paediatric emergency department dog bite attendance, and may be due to increased child exposure to dogs via 'stay at home' orders and school closures. National lockdowns are likely to continue globally throughout the COVID-19 pandemic; this is likely to result in more dog bites. Urgent public health communication and injury prevention strategies are needed to help prevent these avoidable injuries.

Indexed as

COVID-19AnimalsChildCommunicable Disease ControlDogsEmergency Service, HospitalHospitals, PediatricHumansPandemicsRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2COVID-19epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID33884313
PMCPMC8023759
OpenAlexW3144822093

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.