ArticleNeurology. Genetics2021
African Americans Have Differences in CSF Soluble TREM2 and Associated Genetic Variants.
Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology. Genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokines and immune biomarkers in neurodegeneration and cognitive function: A systematic review among individuals of African ancestry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Reduced Effect ofNeurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- Functional Analysis of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Risk Genes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Understanding Neurodegenerative Diseases From the -Omics Perspective: Lessons Learnt.Annals of neurology · 2026Review
- Roles of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Associations of Longitudinal Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Dementia With the Proportion of Genetically Inferred African Ancestry.Neurology · 2025Article
- Autonomic neuropathy is associated with an increase in type-1 cytokines in people living with HIV.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Autonomic Neuropathy Is Associated with An Increase in Type-1 Cytokines in People Living With HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging and biofluid biomarkers across race and ethnicity in older adults across the spectrum of cognition.Ageing research reviews · 2024Review
- TREM2 variants that cause early dementia and increase Alzheimer's disease risk affect gene splicing.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Neuroimaging biomarkers and CSF sTREM2 levels in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The longitudinal trajectory of CSF sTREM2: the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Benchmarking of a multi-biomarker low-volume panel for Alzheimer's Disease and related dementia research.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in plasma biomarker eligibility for a preclinical Alzheimer's disease trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Variants in the MS4A cluster interact with soluble TREM2 expression on biomarkers of neuropathology.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Article
- Promoting diverse perspectives: Addressing health disparities related to Alzheimer's and all dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Sensitivity of the African neuropsychology battery memory subtests and learning slopes in discriminating APOE 4 and amyloid pathology in adult individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Decoding sTREM2: its impact on Alzheimer's disease - a comprehensive review of mechanisms and implications.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
- Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers: Moving from CSF to Plasma for Reliable Detection of Amyloid and tau Pathology.Clinical chemistry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Suzanne E SchindlerDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Carlos CruchagaDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Amulya JosephDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Lena McCueDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Fabiana H G FariasDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Consuelo H WilkinsDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Yuetiva DemingDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.ORCID 0000-0001-7512-5703
Rachel L HensonDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Robert J MikesellDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Laura PiccioDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Jorge J Llibre-GuerraDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Krista L MoulderDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Anne M FaganDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Beau M AncesDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Tammie L S BenzingerDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Chengjie XiongDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
David M HoltzmanDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
John C MorrisDepartment of Neurology (S.E.S., A.J., R.L.H., R.J.M., L.P., J.J.L.-G., K.L.M., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Psychiatry (C.C., F.H.G.F.), and Division of Biostatistics (L.M., C.X.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Office of Health Equity and Department of Medicine (C.H.W.), Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.W.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN; Alzheimers Disease Research Center (Y.D.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Brain and Mind Centre (L.P.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (B.M.A., T.L.S.B.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Meharry Medical College · USThe University of Sydney · AU
Funding
Project 1U19AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE/RES/EDU · PI MONICA G. RIVERA-MINDT · 2016 to 2026
$226.7MAlzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0MSmartphone-Based "Burst" Cognitive AssessmentsP01AG003991 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Carlos Cruchaga · 1985 to 2026
$69.5MWASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ALZHEIMERS DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERP50AG005681 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MORRIS, JOHN · 1985 to 2019
$52.1MThe natural history of AB accumulation in preclinical ADP01AG026276 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MORRIS, JOHN · 2005 to 2025
$49.5MResearch Education ComponentP30AG066444 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Andrea Denny · 2020 to 2026
$28.7MBiology of Aging and Age-Related Diseases Training GrantT32AG000213 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Rozalyn M. Anderson, Sanjay Asthana · 1991 to 2026
$9.9MStaging Alzheimer disease with blood-based biomarkersR01AG070941 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SCHINDLER, SUZANNE ELIZABETH · 2021 to 2025
$4.3MIdentifying Rare Variants that Increase Risk for Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG044546 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CRUCHAGA, CARLOS · 2019 to 2019
$3.6MGENETIC MODIFIERS OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TREM2 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASERF1AG058501 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CRUCHAGA, CARLOS, PICCIO, LAURA · 2018 to 2018
$3.5MSTAGING PRECLINICAL AD WITH CSF BIOMARKERSK23AG053426 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SCHINDLER, SUZANNE ELIZABETH · 2017 to 2020
$654kAGE-RELATED BIOMARKET CHANGES IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDR03AG050921 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SCHINDLER, SUZANNE ELIZABETH · 2015 to 2016
$229kNIA NIH HHS K23 AG053426NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003991NIA NIH HHS P01 AG026276NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005681NIA NIH HHS R03 AG050921NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG044546NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG058501NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000213NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIA NIH HHS U19 AG024904
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate for racial differences in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a key immune mediator in Alzheimer disease, the levels of CSF soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), and the frequency of associated genetic variants were compared in groups of individuals who self-reported their race as African American (AA) or non-Hispanic White (NHW).
methodsCommunity-dwelling older research participants underwent measurement of CSF sTREM2 concentrations and genetic analyses.
resultsThe primary cohort included 91 AAs and 868 NHWs. CSF sTREM2 levels were lower in the AA compared with the NHW group (1,336 ± 470 vs 1,856 ± 624 pg/mL,
conclusionsOn average, AAs had lower CSF sTREM2 levels compared with NHWs, potentially because AAs are more likely to carry genetic variants associated with lower CSF sTREM2 levels. Importantly, CSF sTREM2 reflects TREM2-mediated microglial activity, a critical step in the immune response to amyloid plaques. These findings suggest that race may be associated with risk for genetic variants that influence Alzheimer disease-related inflammation.
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