ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2021
Dose-Response Association of Waist-to-Height Ratio Plus BMI and Risk of Depression: Evidence from the NHANES 05-16.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of visceral obesity with Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and mortality in US adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The multi-target protective effects of quercetin in cerebrovascular diseases: a dietary strategy for endothelial repair and neuroprotection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Association of urinary metal exposure with H. pylori seropositivity and mortality in the U.S. Population: NHANES 1999-2000 analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Combined association of chewing capacity and depression with constipation: a cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- U‑shaped association between relative fat mass (RFM) and stress urinary incontinence: a cross‑sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Discretizing multiple continuous predictors with U-shaped relationships with lnOR: introducing the recursive gradient scanning method in clinical and epidemiological research.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Association between current relative fat mass and history of female infertility based on the NHANES survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of frailty index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with different diabetic status: NHANES 1999-2018.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Predictive factors and risk model for depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive analysis of comorbidities and clinical indicators.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Joint association of daily sitting time and sleep duration with constipation among the US population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Body Mass Index and multidimensional health in Chinese older adults: a moderated mediation analysis of urban-rural residence, physical activity, and depression.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between stroke and relative fat mass: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index with helicobacter pylori infection and mortality among the US population.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Dose-response association of obesity and risk of mental health among tehranian residents: result of a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association of oxidative balance score withInternational journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Comparison of Dutch healthy eating and healthy eating indexes and anthropometry in patients with major depression with health subjects: a case-control study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Predicting depressive symptom by cardiometabolic indicators in mid-aged and older adults in China: a population-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Network Analysis of Depressive Symptomatology in Underweight and Obese Adults.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObesity or underweight has been found to be associated with depression, but the relationship remains to be determined so that more precise prevention strategies can be implemented. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHR) were used as indicators to study the dose-response relationship between depression and obesity or underweight.
methodsWe obtained basic information and disease-related data for 13,975 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016 dataset. The depressive status was determined based on the PHQ-9 scale (>4). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association and risk of BMI, WHTR and depressive status. Based on the results of logistic regression, the dose-response relationship between BMI, WHTR and depressive state was analyzed using restricted cubic splines (RCS).
resultsThe adjusted model showed that compared with the fourth quartile (Q4) of BMI, the odds ratios (ORs) of depression for Q1, Q2 and Q3 were 0.63 (0.56-0.71), 0.61 (0.54-0.68) and 0.74 (0.66-0.82), and compared with the fourth quartile (Q4) of WHtR, the odds ratios (ORs) of depression for Q1, Q2 and Q3 were 0.55 (0.49-0.62), 0.57 (0.51-0.64) and 0.64 (0.57-0.71), respectively. The restricted cubic spline regression depicted a U-shaped dose-response relationship between continuous changes of obesity indicators and the risk of depression (P1, P2 < 0.001). When the participants' BMI reached approximately 25kg/m
conclusionWe found a significant U-shape correlation between BMI, WHtR and depression. People with slight overweight have the lowest risk of depression. However, according to the International Obesity standards, the population at these levels of weight may have an obesity-chronic disease risk, and this is not recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.