ReviewBiologics : targets & therapy2021
Armored CAR T-Cells: The Next Chapter in T-Cell Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Biologics : targets & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultrasound controllable and antigen-independent killing viaMolecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- The evolving role of cytokines for CAR-T cell manufacturing and beyond.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Advances, challenges, and innovative strategies of CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Kindlin-3 sustains cytokine interleukin-2 signaling by linking its receptor to integrin LFA-1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Engineering Strategies for Allogeneic T Cell-Based Platforms in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Immune Cell-Based Therapies for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Latest Advancements and Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- In Vivo mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle CAR-T Cell Engineering: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Translation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-1 Nanobody-Armored MSLN CAR-T Therapy for Malignant Mesothelioma: Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of CAR-T Cell Gene Therapy, Tracing its Revolutionary Clinical Breakthroughs and Advancements Towards Next-Generation Engineering.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Determinants of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Success: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Assessment.Cancers · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell therapy for pediatric solid tumors: armored CAR-T cells and beyond.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Therapeutic targeting of cancer stem cell-specific surface glycans and glycoproteins.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- In Vivo CAR-T Therapies-A New Era of Programmable Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Can we cure autoimmunity?Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering Immunity: Current Progress and Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cell therapy in sarcoma: current landscape and future directions.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Krüppel-Like Factor 4, a Hub Gate for Cell Crosstalk in Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor technology: an emerging translational immunotherapy in nonneoplastic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond exhaustion: T cell fitness for next generation of immunotherapy for hematological cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming Resistance and Relapse in CAR-T and CAR-NK Cell Therapies: From Bench to Bedside.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy engineers T-cells to express a synthetic receptor which redirects effector function to the tumor, to improve efficacy and reduce toxicities associated with conventional treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This approach has proved effective in treating hematological malignancies; however, the same effects have not been observed in solid tumors. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) creates a significant barrier to solid tumor efficacy and reduces the anti-cancer activity of endogenous tumor-resident immune cells, enabling cancer progression. In recent years, researchers have attempted to enhance CAR T-cell function in the TME by engineering the cells to express various proteins alongside the CAR. Examples of this engineering include inducing CAR T-cells to secrete cytokines or express cytokine receptors to modulate the cytokine milieu of the TME. Alternatively, the CAR T-cell may secrete antibody-like proteins to target a range of tumor antigens. Collectively, these methods are termed armored CAR T-cell therapy, and in this review, we will discuss the range of armored CAR T-cell approaches which have been investigated to date.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.