ArticleScientific reports2021
First in situ 3D visualization of the human cardiac conduction system and its transformation associated with heart contour and inclination.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Arterial Supply to the Atrioventricular Node: Anatomical Variability and Clinical Implications.Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploring heart dissection techniques for enhancing anatomical education: a pilot study to replicate transthoracic echocardiography.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
- Article
- A compact multi-functional model of the rabbit atrioventricular node with dual pathways.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Integrated anatomical practice combining cadaver dissection and matched cadaver CT data processing and analysis.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Article
- Review
- Sudden Unexpected Death Associated with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Study of the Cardiac Conduction System.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- 3D models of the cardiac conduction system in healthy neonatal human hearts.Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular PathologyArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Current advanced imaging modalities with applied tracing and processing techniques provide excellent visualization of almost all human internal structures in situ; however, the actual 3D internal arrangement of the human cardiac conduction system (CCS) is still unknown. This study is the first to document the successful 3D visualization of the CCS from the sinus node to the bundle branches within the human body, based on our specialized physical micro-dissection and its CT imaging. The 3D CCS transformation by cardiac inclination changes from the standing to the lying position is also provided. Both actual dissection and its CT image-based simulation identified that when the cardiac inclination changed from standing to lying, the sinus node shifted from the dorso-superior to the right outer position and the atrioventricular conduction axis changed from a vertical to a leftward horizontal position. In situ localization of the human CCS provides accurate anatomical localization with morphometric data, and it indicates the useful correlation between heart inclination and CCS rotation axes for predicting the variable and invisible human CCS in the living body. Advances in future imaging modalities and methodology are essential for further accurate in situ 3D CCS visualization.
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