ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
Antibiotic stewardship program in Pakistan: a multicenter qualitative study exploring medical doctors' knowledge, perception and practices.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Multilevel barriers to antimicrobial stewardship in tertiary care hospitals: A comparative systematic scoping review of high-income versus low-/middle-income countries evidence mapped by study design and healthcare professionals.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Perspectives and Challenges of Healthcare Professionals, Patients, and Caregivers Regarding Utilizing Antibiotics and Implementing Antibiotic Stewardship in Healthcare Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Trends in Antimicrobial Consumption in Pakistan (2016-2028): Retrospective Observational Study With Forecasting.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Observational
- Policy Framework and Barriers in Antimicrobial Consumption Monitoring at the National Level: A Qualitative Study from Pakistan.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Primary Care Referral Pathways for the Management of Otorhinolaryngological Conditions in Pakistan.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of clinicians regarding antimicrobial stewardship: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital of East China.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Multicentric Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance to Generate Data-Driven Regional Antibiograms: A Laboratory-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers, facilitators, and opportunities for hospital antimicrobial stewardship in low and lower middle - income countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region: results from a mixed methods study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Framing the Multi-Centre Qualitative Research Design as a Novel Methodology for Nursing and Healthcare Research: Reflections and A Methodological Discussion.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Antibiotic resistance in empyema thoracis: clinical outcomes and contributing factors in a tertiary care setting in Pakistan.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Development of clinical practice guidelines and primary care referral pathways for management of otorhinolaryngological conditions in Pakistan.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- The antibiotic procurement saga: a long-neglected stewardship target to combat antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Exploring dentist's engagement with antibiotic stewardship programs: a multicenter qualitative study in Pakistan.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Physician knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of antibiograms: a pre-implementation study in southern Sri Lanka.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program on colistin resistance in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: a quasi-experimental study.GMS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pharmacist-led antibiotic interventions in infectious disease patients: a Pakistani tertiary care antimicrobial stewardship study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- Progress on the Global Research Agenda for Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Health in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Paediatricians' knowledge, perceptions, preparedness and involvement towards paediatric antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan: findings and the implications.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe emerging threat of antibiotic resistance is growing exponentially and antibiotic stewardship programs are cornerstone to fight against this global threat. The study aimed to explore the knowledge, perspectives and practices of physicians regarding various aspects of antibiotic stewardship program including antibiotic stewardship activities, rational use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, prescribing practices and factors associated with these practices.
methodsIn this qualitative study, a total of 17 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with doctors of three tertiary care public sector hospitals in Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan were conducted. The convenient sampling method was adopted to collect the data and the saturation point criterion was applied to determine the sample size. Thematic analysis approach was used to draw conclusions from the data.
resultsThe analysis of data yielded five themes, 12 subthemes and 26 categories. The themes included, (i) perception about antibiotic use and antibiotic stewardship, (ii) antibiotic prescription practices, (iii) antibiotic resistance, (iv) limited strategies adopted by hospital administration to ensure quality and safe distribution of antibiotics, (v) implementation of antibiotic stewardship program: barriers, suggestion and future benefits. Doctors had misconceptions about the rational use of antibiotics. The perception regarding antibiotic stewardship programs was poor. Moreover, very few activities related to ASP existed. The participants gave many suggestions for successful implementation of ASP in order to reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance, including development of guidelines for the use of antibiotics, strict legislation regarding use of antibiotics, active participation of healthcare professionals and awareness program among general public about the use of antibiotics.
conclusionThis study concluded that poor knowledge of doctors regarding ASP, non-existence of antibiogram of hospital and lack of rules for the safe use of antibiotics were the main driving factors associated with irrational antibiotic prescription practices and development of AR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.