Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33882257›Full record

ArticleAnnual review of virology2021

Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and Viral Infections.

Christian K Pfaller, Cyril X George, Charles E Samuel

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annual review of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Two codes of RNA editing by deamination in human diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Emerging clinical applications of ADAR based RNA editing.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. The role of ADAR1 in human pathophysiology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. ADATs: roles in tRNA editing and relevance to disease.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Christian K PfallerDivision of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen 63225, Germany.
Cyril X GeorgeDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; email: samuel@lifesci.ucsb.edu.
Charles E SamuelDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; email: samuel@lifesci.ucsb.edu.
University of California, Santa Barbara · USPaul Ehrlich Institut · DE

Funding

INTERFERON ACTION AND PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATIONR01AI020611 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SAMUEL, CHARLES E · 1985 to 2014
$3.4M
MECHANISM OF INTERFERON ACTIONR01AI012520 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SAMUEL, CHARLES E · 1985 to 2009
$3.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI012520NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI020611
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

C6 deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as ADARs (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) encoded by three genes in mammals. Alternative promoters and splicing produce two ADAR1 proteins, an interferon-inducible cytoplasmic p150 and a constitutively expressed p110 that like ADAR2 is a nuclear enzyme. ADAR3 lacks deaminase activity. A-to-I editing occurs with both viral and cellular RNAs. Deamination activity is dependent on dsRNA substrate structure and regulatory RNA-binding proteins and ranges from highly site selective with hepatitis D RNA and glutamate receptor precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) to hyperediting of measles virus and polyomavirus transcripts and cellular inverted

Indexed as

Adenosine DeaminaseVirus DiseasesAnimalsRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, Double-StrandedRNA EditingAdenosine DeaminaseRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, Double-StrandedADARadenosine deaminase acting on RNAautoimmunitydouble-stranded RNAdsRNAinnate immunityinterferonRNA editing

Identifiers

PMID33882257
PMCPMC12925331
OpenAlexW3153688981

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.