ArticlePloS one2021
Intimate partner violence is a barrier to antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive women: Evidence from government facilities in Kenya.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Water Insecurity is Associated with Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Living with HIV in Western Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- A Scoping Review Assessing the Relationship Between Structural, Functional, and Perceived Social Support with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in the Last Decade.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Associations between recent intimate partner violence and sustained viral suppression among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in western Kenya: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort (Opt4Mamas).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Intimate Partner Violence and Determinants of HIV Seroconversion among Female Caregivers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Insights from the Asenze Longitudinal Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between social determinants of health and well-being among women living with HIV in Canada: A latent class analysis.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Exploration of Intimate Partner Violence Among HIV/TB Coinfected Persons With Problematic Alcohol Use Participating in an Incentive-Based Alcohol/Medication Adherence Intervention in Uganda During COVID-19.Violence against women · 2025Article
- Perinatal HIV treatment in the context of financial and psychological intimate partner violence in urban South Africa.Psychology of violence · 2025Article
- Attitudes toward digital pill systems for antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa: a qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Health-Related Maternal Decision-Making Among Perinatal Women in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Article
- Article
- Healthcare Workers' Experiences and Challenges in Managing Gender-Based Violence Among HIV-Positive Women Living in Southern, Tanzania: A Qualitative Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Intimate partner violence, depression, hazardous alcohol use, and social support among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Intimate partner violence and its associations among HIV-infected MSM with new drug abuse in Jinan, China.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Understanding ART Adherence among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Western Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study of Barriers and Facilitators.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Intervention Approaches to Address Intimate Partner Violence and HIV: a Scoping Review of Recent Research.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Article
- Individual-, Interpersonal- and Institutional-Level Factors Associated with HIV Stigma Among Youth in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is linked to low engagement with HIV management services and adverse clinical outcomes, including poor ART adherence. In sub-Saharan Africa, studies on pregnant/postpartum women and transactional sex workers have produced divergent evidence regarding IPV's association with poor ART adherence. We investigate this association among a broad group of women.
methodsWe sampled 408 HIV-positive women receiving free ART from different types of HIV clinics at government health facilities, assessing for IPV exposure by a current partner, ART adherence rate, and other factors that affect ART adherence (e.g. education, disclosure). ART adherence rates were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); responses were dichotomised at a ≥95% cut-off. Multiple logistic regression models assessed the association between the independent variables and ART adherence.
resultsThe participants' mean age was 38.6 (range: 18-69 years). The majority had ever attended school (94%, n = 382), were in monogamous marriages (70%, n = 282), and had disclosed status to partners (94%, n = 380). Overall, 60% (n = 242) reported optimal ART adherence (≥ 95%) in the previous 30 days. The prevalence of IPV by the current partner was 76% (CI95 = 72-80%). Experiencing physical IPV (AOR 0.57, CI95: 0.34-0.94, p = .028), sexual IPV (AOR 0.50, CI95: 0.31-0.82, p = .005), or controlling behaviour (AOR 0.56, CI95: 0.34-0.94, p = .027) reduced the odds of achieving optimal adherence, while a higher education level and having an HIV-positive partner increased the odds.
conclusionIPV is common and is associated with suboptimal ART adherence rates among a broad group of HIV-positive women. ART programs could consider incorporating basic IPV interventions into regular clinic services to identify, monitor and support exposed women, as they might be at risk of poor ART adherence. Still, there is need for more research on how IPV affects ART adherence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.