Traditional Uses and Pharmacologically Active Constituents of Dendrobium Plants for Dermatological Disorders: A Review.

Dendrobium Sw. is one of the largest genera in the orchidaceous family and includes 900-2000 species. Among them, more than 80 Dendrobium species have been reported in China. However, there are only six Dendrobium species, namely, D. bigibbum var. superbum (syn. D. phalaenopsis), D. chrysanthum, D. fimbriatum, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, and D. officinale (syn. D. candidum), listed in the New Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China Launched. Artificial planting of Dendrobium species has been a great success in China. To better utilize Dendrobium resources for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, we summarize their traditional uses and pharmacologically active compounds for treating dermatological disorders in this review. "Orchidaceae", "Dendrobium", "traditional use", "ethnobotany", "dermatological disorder", and "skin disease" were used as search terms to screen the literature. Cited references were collected between 1970 and 2020 from the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Chinese books. From the search, it was found that there are 22 Dendrobium species with traditional uses in dermatological disorders, and 131 compounds from Dendrobium plants have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiaging, anti-psoriasis, and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities, implying that Dendrobium plants are important resources for the discovery of active compounds and the development of new drugs and cosmetics. D. crepidatum, D. denneanum, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, and D. officinale have been extensively studied. More research on other Dendrobium species is needed. The major active compounds found in Dendrobium species are phenanthrenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and lignans. Several compounds, such as loddigesiinol A, (S)-5-methoxy-2,4,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, (S)-4-methoxy-2,5,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (9R)-1,2,5,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-homocrepidine A, and vicenin 2, have significant anti-inflammatory activities and inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production with IC