ReviewMalaysian orthopaedic journal2021
Fat Embolism Syndrome - A Qualitative Review of its Incidence, Presentation, Pathogenesis and Management.
Review in Malaysian orthopaedic journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fatal fat embolism in cosmetic surgery: Comparing gluteal fat grafting to other lipofilling procedures.JPRAS open · 2026Review
- Forensic evidence from a 30-year study of non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Striking corpus callosum lesions in immediate cerebral fat embolism: A rare clinical case.Trauma case reports · 2026Article
- Positive neurological outcome after acute encephalopathy and multifocal stroke after early red blood cell exchange transfusion in a patient with hemoglobin SC sickle cell disease.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Early Postoperative Pulmonary Fat Embolism Following Cosmetic Liposuction: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Incidence, mortality, and factors associated with fat embolism syndrome in patients with long bone fractures at a trauma referral center in Bogotá, Colombia: 2016-2019 and 2022-2023.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Reply to Commentary on "The Use of Prophylactic Steroid and Heparin to Prevent Fat Embolism Syndrome After Liposuction".Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Commentary on "The Use of Prophylactic Steroid and Heparin to Prevent Fat Embolism Syndrome After Liposuction".Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Nursing management of fat embolism syndrome complicating tibial fracture in an adolescent: a case report.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Fat embolism syndrome caused by fracture or liposuction: a retrospective case series of nine patients.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Mechanical embolectomy of a large iliocaval fat embolus.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2025Article
- The Use of Prophylactic Steroid and Heparin to Prevent Fat Embolism Syndrome After Liposuction.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Fat embolism following organ transplantation: a systematic review of reported cases.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- A rare case of pulmonary fat embolism with acute respiratory distress syndrome after thigh fat circumferential extraction and hip fat autologous transplantation.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Atypical presentation of fat embolism syndrome: A case report.Trauma case reports · 2025Article
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use in Fat Embolism Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Clinical Insights (A 20-Year Review).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Fat embolism syndrome following femoral shaft fracture: A case report and diagnostic considerations.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Case Report: Recovery of consciousness ahead of MRI image lesion information in cerebral fat embolism syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Senescence-driven osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the elderly-a distinct pathophysiological entity.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a poorly defined clinical phenomenon which has been attributed to fat emboli entering the circulation. It is common, and its clinical presentation may be either subtle or dramatic and life threatening. This is a review of the history, causes, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis and management of FES. FES mostly occurs secondary to orthopaedic trauma; it is less frequently associated with other traumatic and atraumatic conditions. There is no single test for diagnosing FES. Diagnosis of FES is often missed due to its subclinical presentation and/or confounding injuries in more severely injured patients. FES is most frequently diagnosed using the Gurd and Wilson criteria, like its rivals it is not clinically validated. Although FES is a multi-system condition, its effects in the lung, brain, cardiovascular system and skin cause most morbidity. FES is mostly a self-limiting condition and treatment is supportive in nature. Many treatments have been trialled, most notably corticosteroids and heparin, however no validated treatment has been established.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.