ArticleBMC women's health2021
Variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis during the menstrual cycle: a pilot study in healthy volunteers.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nocturnal Hypoxic Exposure Combined with Two-Week Hypoxic Training and Calorie Restriction Improves Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Men with Obesity-Related Hypercholesterolemia: A Controlled Intervention Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Trial
- Hypoxic Training with Calorie Restriction Improves Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Men with Obesity-Related Hypercholesterolemia: A Controlled Intervention Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Exposure to Normobaric Hypoxia Combined with a Mixed Diet Contributes to Improvement in Lipid Profile in Trained Cyclists.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Molecular Mechanisms of Menstrual Cycle-Related Suicide Risk: A Selective Review of Promising Candidate Systems.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- An Overview of the Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Nutrient Metabolism: An Integrative Perspective.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentration and Blood Pressure in Young Healthy Men and Women: A Replicated Crossover Study.Metabolites · 2023Article
- The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Studies on CYP3A activity during the menstrual cycle as measured by urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Article
- CYP3A Activity in End-of-Life Cancer Patients Measured by 4β-Hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol Ratio, in Men and Women.Cancers · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome may introduce an underestimation of the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) as a surrogate marker. Recently, non-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and remnant-Cholesterol (remnant-C) have been suggested as better biomarkers for dyslipidemia. In addition, the microbial metabolites trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline have been associated with CVD and suggested as markers for dysbiosis. There is a lack of knowledge on potential alterations in these biomarkers during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this single center, prospective non-interventional study, was to investigate variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis in healthy volunteers during the menstrual cycle.
methodSerum samples were collected from 17 healthy, regularly menstruating women during two menstrual cycles, including the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. Levels of lipoproteins, lipoprotein ratios and microbial metabolites were analyzed in a total of 90 samples (30 complete menstrual cycles).
resultsApoB, ApoB/HDL and non-HDL-C/HDL ratios were significantly higher in the follicular phase compared to the ovulatory and luteal phases (p < 0.05). Remnant-C were higher during the luteal phase (p < 0.05). TMAO did not vary during the different phases and did not correlate with estrogen levels.
conclusionOur data support that biomarkers for dyslipidemia vary during the menstrual cycle. Thus, to avoid an underestimation of cardiovascular risk, sampling during the follicular phase, when levels of pro-atherogenic lipids are higher, may be considered.
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