ArticleNeuroImage2021
A 16-year study of longitudinal volumetric brain development in males with autism.
Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presymptomatic Biological, Structural, and Functional Diagnostic Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Sex/gender differences in the human autistic brains: A systematic review of 20 years of neuroimaging research.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Pooled it
- Reduced glymphatic function in autism revealed by the diffusion tensor analysis along the perivascular space index.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: Dynamic symptom trajectories and multidimensional support framework.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Altered cerebrospinal fluid-based clearance mechanisms in aging autistic adults.Research square · 2026Article
- Functional Connectivity of the Neonatal Cerebellum is Impacted by Sex and Polygenic Liability for Autism.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Associations of inflammatory biomarkers with brain atrophy and clinical scores in schizophrenia patients with autistic features.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Advanced Quantitative Microstructure Imaging in Autism: A Review of Methodology, Group Differences, and Associations With Developmental Outcomes.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Review
- Demographic, genetic, neuroimaging, and behavioral correlates of short social responsiveness scale in a large pediatric cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Dr. Temple Grandin: Neuropsychological Assessment and a Multimodal Neuroimaging Case Study of a Distinguished Scientist, Educator, and Person With Autism.Journal of pediatric neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Subcortical brain volume variations in autistic individuals across the lifespan.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Flexible nonlinear modeling reveals age-related differences in resting-state functional brain connectivity in autistic males from childhood to mid-adulthood.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Transcallosal white matter and cortical gray matter variations in autistic adults aged 30-73 years.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Identifying Distinct Developmental Patterns of Brain Complexity in Autism: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Analysis Using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Aerobic exercise improves cognitive flexibility and modulates regional volume changes in a rat model of autism.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Differences in regional brain structure in toddlers with autism are related to future language outcomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Retinal Thinning in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Neuroimmune mechanisms in autism etiology - untangling a complex problem using human cellular models.Oxford open neuroscience · 2024Article
- Genetic architectures of cerebral ventricles and their overlap with neuropsychiatric traits.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Brain-charting autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown brain etiology. Our knowledge to date about structural brain development across the lifespan in ASD comes mainly from cross-sectional studies, thereby limiting our understanding of true age effects within individuals with the disorder that can only be gained through longitudinal research. The present study describes FreeSurfer-derived volumetric findings from a longitudinal dataset consisting of 607 T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans collected from 105 male individuals with ASD (349 MRIs) and 125 typically developing male controls (258 MRIs). Participants were six to forty-five years of age at their first scan, and were scanned up to 5 times over a period of 16 years (average inter-scan interval of 3.7 years). Atypical age-related volumetric trajectories in ASD included enlarged gray matter volume in early childhood that approached levels of the control group by late childhood, an age-related increase in ventricle volume resulting in enlarged ventricles by early adulthood and reduced corpus callosum age-related volumetric increase resulting in smaller corpus callosum volume in adulthood. Larger corpus callosum volume was related to a lower (better) ADOS score at the most recent study visit for the participants with ASD. These longitudinal findings expand our knowledge of volumetric brain-based abnormalities in males with ASD, and highlight the need to continue to examine brain structure across the lifespan and well into adulthood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.