ArticleNeuropharmacology2021
Comparative profile of refractory status epilepticus models following exposure of cholinergic agents pilocarpine, DFP, and soman.
Article in Neuropharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Brivaracetam in Combination with Midazolam and Ketamine Reduces Soman-Induced Seizure and Neurodegeneration in Rats.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Endogenous "Time Bomb" - Mislocalized Phospholipase A2 as a Critical Mediator of Ultra-Rapid Mortality in Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Current review on inducible nitric oxide synthase and Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors as disease-modifiers in preclinical models of epilepsy.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Seizure and Status Epilepticus in Human Organophosphate Poisoning: A Narrative Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Assessment of Intramuscular Verapamil as Pharmacological Countermeasure in a Rat Model of Organophosphate DFP-induced Status Epilepticus.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
- Neurosteroid mitigation of developmental neurological dysfunction, long-term epileptic biomarkers, chronic neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in a pediatric rat model of organophosphate exposure.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Stereology Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Neuronal Injury, Neurodegeneration, and Neurogenesis in Brain Disorders.Current protocols · 2024Article
- Small-molecule caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 terminates refractory status epilepticus via inhibition of glutamatergic transmission.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- A longitudinal MRI and TSPO PET-based investigation of brain region-specific neuroprotection by diazepam versus midazolam following organophosphate-induced seizures.Neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- A Pediatric Rat Model of Organophosphate-Induced Refractory Status Epilepticus: Characterization of Long-Term Epileptic Seizure Activity, Neurologic Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Chronic Epilepsy and Mossy Fiber Sprouting Following Organophosphate-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Organophosphate Model of Benzodiazepine-Refractory Status Epilepticus and Neuronal Damage.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Long-Term Neuropsychiatric Developmental Defects after Neonatal Organophosphate Exposure: Mitigation by Synthetic Neurosteroids.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Neurosteroids as Novel Anticonvulsants for Refractory Status Epilepticus and Medical Countermeasures for Nerve Agents: A 15-Year Journey to Bring Ganaxolone from Bench to Clinic.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Review
- Protective Activity of Novel Hydrophilic Synthetic Neurosteroids on Organophosphate Status Epilepticus-induced Chronic Epileptic Seizures, Non-Convulsive Discharges, High-Frequency Oscillations, and Electrographic Ictal Biomarkers.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Neuroprotectant Activity of Novel Water-Soluble Synthetic Neurosteroids on Organophosphate Intoxication and Status Epilepticus-Induced Long-Term Neurological Dysfunction, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroinflammation.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Progress and Challenges in Developing Medical Countermeasures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threat Agents.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Disease-modifying effects of a glial-targeted inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1400W) in mixed-sex cohorts of a rat soman (GD) model of epilepsy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Disease-Modifying Effects of a Glial-targeted Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor (1400W) in Mixed-sex Cohorts of a Rat Soman (GD) Model of Epilepsy.Research square · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency with continuous seizure activity that causes profound neuronal damage, morbidity, or death. SE incidents can arise spontaneously but mostly are elicited by seizurogenic triggers. Chemoconvulsants such as the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine and, organophosphates (OP) such as the pesticide diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and, the nerve agent soman, can induce SE. Pilocarpine, DFP, and soman share a common feature of cholinergic crisis that transitions into a state of refractory SE, but their comparative profiles remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the comparative convulsant profile of pilocarpine, DFP, and soman to produce refractory SE and brain damage in rats. Behavioral and electrographic seizures were monitored for 24 h after exposure, and the extent of brain injury was determined by histological markers of neuronal injury and degeneration. Seizures were elicited rather slowly after pilocarpine as compared to DFP or soman, which caused rapid onset of spiking that swiftly developed into persistent SE. Time-course of SE activity after DFP was comparable to that after soman, a potent nerve agent. Diazepam controlled pilocarpine-induced SE, but it was ineffective in reducing OP-induced SE. All three agents produced modestly different degrees of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration in the brain. These results reveal distinct convulsant and neuronal injury patterns following exposure to cholinergic agonists, OP pesticides, and nerve agents. A battery of SE models, especially SE induced by cholinergic agents and other etiologies including epilepsy and brain tumors, is essential to identify novel anticonvulsant therapies for the management of refractory SE.
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