ArticleCell2021
The bone microenvironment invigorates metastatic seeds for further dissemination.
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Niches in cancer: from primary tumors to metastatic disease.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Metabolic immune checkpoints (MICs) in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Metastatic Bone Disease Is Associated With Longitudinal Muscle Loss and Reduced Survival in Kidney Cancer.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- A CTC/DTC-centered temporal framework of bone metastasis: From dissemination to dormancy and reactivation.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Loss of short-form Ron promotes B and T cell cooperation to prevent outgrowth of breast cancer bone metastasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal lineage tracing reveals the dynamic spatial architecture of tumor growth and metastasis.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- NF1 loss in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer induces osteoclast formation and immunosuppression to promote bone metastasis.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Cytokine Regulation of the Bone Pre- and Metastatic Niches: Implications for Breast Cancer Dormancy.Cells · 2026Review
- Phylogeography of Bone Metastasis: Clonal Evolution, Skeletal Niche Adaptation, and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Breaking the immune "cold niche" in bone metastasis: core mechanisms of the multidimensional interwoven regulatory network and precision breakthrough strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- The liver-bone axis: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Decoding triple negative breast cancer bone metastasis: from 3D bioprinted models to clinical translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- LLMs as emerging tools for understanding and managing bone metastasis and cancer-induced bone pain.iScience · 2026Article
- From bone to beyond: osteoclasts dictate metastatic fate in lung adenocarcinoma via the OLFML3-DPPA2 stemness switch.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeting arginine metabolism reverses bone immunosuppressive microenvironment and metastasis in ARID1A-deficient triple negative breast cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Complex I protein NDUFB9 is a metabolic vulnerability in triple negative breast cancer brain metastases.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Using CRISPR barcoding as a molecular clock to capture dynamic processes at single-cell resolution.Genome research · 2026Article
- Molecular subtype concordance and metastatic patterns in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2026Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
25 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metastasis has been considered as the terminal step of tumor progression. However, recent genomic studies suggest that many metastases are initiated by further spread of other metastases. Nevertheless, the corresponding pre-clinical models are lacking, and underlying mechanisms are elusive. Using several approaches, including parabiosis and an evolving barcode system, we demonstrated that the bone microenvironment facilitates breast and prostate cancer cells to further metastasize and establish multi-organ secondary metastases. We uncovered that this metastasis-promoting effect is driven by epigenetic reprogramming that confers stem cell-like properties on cancer cells disseminated from bone lesions. Furthermore, we discovered that enhanced EZH2 activity mediates the increased stemness and metastasis capacity. The same findings also apply to single cell-derived populations, indicating mechanisms distinct from clonal selection. Taken together, our work revealed an unappreciated role of the bone microenvironment in metastasis evolution and elucidated an epigenomic reprogramming process driving terminal-stage, multi-organ metastases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.