ReviewJournal of community health2021
The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers.
Review in Journal of community health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 346 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
346 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 611 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Workers in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Acceptance-Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination and Factors Affecting It in Adults: Systematic Review Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities during postvaccine period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Italian parents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care professionals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
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- The Role of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Considerations from a Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Waning immunity and the future of booster vaccination strategies in global vaccine programs post COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Postpandemic COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Among Physicians and Medical Trainees in China: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Increase in Healthcare-Associated Infections: Is COVID-19 Responsible? A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Vaccine communication: a critical review of foundations, challenges, and future directions.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- COVID-19 vaccine booster uptake among healthcare workers in Bangladesh: predictors, challenges, and lessons from a low-income setting.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Grocery store workers' knowledge, attitudes, and barriers influencing uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in the United States: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- mRNA and Protein Subunit COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity and Their Relationship to Productivity for Healthcare Workers and First Responders.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in Georgia, 2021-2024.PloS one · 2026Article
- Influence of the Workplace on Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Among Swiss Healthcare Workers During Season 2021/22.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- What leads to vaccine compliance? Evidence from healthcare workers.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake, knowledge and attitude among health workers in Nairobi, Kenya: a quantitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
286 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines were approved in late 2020 and early 2021 for public use in countries across the world. Several studies have now highlighted COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the general public. However, little is known about the nature and extent of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in healthcare workers worldwide. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive worldwide assessment of published evidence on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. A scoping review method was adopted to include a final pool of 35 studies in this review with study sample size ranges from n = 123 to 16,158 (average = 2185 participants per study). The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy worldwide in healthcare workers ranged from 4.3 to 72% (average = 22.51% across all studies with 76,471 participants). The majority of the studies found concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy, and potential side effects as top reasons for COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in healthcare workers. The majority of the studies also found that individuals who were males, of older age, and doctoral degree holders (i.e., physicians) were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines. Factors such as the higher perceived risk of getting infected with COVID-19, direct care for patients, and history of influenza vaccination were also found to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake probability. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in healthcare workers, communication and education strategies along with mandates for clinical workers should be considered to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in these individuals. Healthcare workers have a key role in reducing the burden of the pandemic, role modeling for preventive behaviors, and also, helping vaccinate others.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.