SynthesisCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated pericardial disease: a systematic review of case reports.
Synthesis in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Case Reports.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Chest Pain With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Harnessing the Power of Multimodality Imaging.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Pembrolizumab-Associated Polyserositis with Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion During Adjuvant Therapy for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Targeted Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Pericarditis With Early Effusive-Constrictive Physiology After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Pericarditis, Myocarditis, and Myopericarditis in Patients With Malignancy on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy-Associated Cardiotoxicity: Current Insights and Future Directions for Precision Cardio-Oncology.Cancers · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Adverse Events.ESC heart failure · 2025Review
- Molecular fingerprints of cardiovascular toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Review
- Pericardial Disease in Patients with Cancer: Clinical Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and pericardial disease: a systematic review.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Adverse Events Through Big Data Mining of Pan-Cancer Clinical Trials.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors break whose heart? Perspectives from cardio-immuno-oncology.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Pericardial effusion in oncological patients: current knowledge and principles of management.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: More Than Just Myocarditis.Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- Steroid-dependent pericarditis following anti-PD1 immunotherapy in a metastatic melanoma patient: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2023Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Cardiovascular Adverse Effects.Oncology reviews · 2023Review
- Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Death in Older Malignant Melanoma Patients: A Population-Based Study.Cancers · 2022Article
- The Potential Cardiotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be complicated by cardiovascular toxicity, including pericardial disease. To date, no prospective studies specifically investigated the optimal treatment of ICI-associated pericardial disease, and the available evidence is based on case reports and series only. We performed a systematic review of case reports and series including 20 publications for a total of 28 cases of ICI-associated pericardial disease. In this review, pericardial disease was reversible in the majority of cases (75%), although 2 deaths were reported. The majority of cases were life-threatening (G4, 53.6%) or severe (G3, 21.4%), requiring pericardiocentesis. Higher rates of improvement were associated with administration of corticosteroids (86.7% vs 61.5%), presence of other immune-related adverse events (90.9% vs. 64.7%), and non-malignant effusions (86.7% vs 42.8%). ICIs were discontinued in the majority of cases and then restarted in 7 patients with no recurrence of pericardial disease. Based on these results, ICI-associated G3-G4 pericardial disease as well as G2 pericardial disease with moderate-severe effusion should be treated with ICIs discontinuation and high-dose steroids, also performing pericardiocentesis, pericardial drainage or pericardial window in case of cardiac tamponade. For G2 with small effusion or G1 pericardial disease, ICIs might be continued and colchicine or NSAIDs could be considered. For patients requiring ICIs discontinuation, a rechallenge with ICIs seems to be feasible after resolution or meaningful improvement of pericardial disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.