ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila: driving the multiple sclerosis-a systematic review.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Pooled it
- Machine learning-based meta-analysis reveals gut microbiome alterations associated with Parkinson's disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Disease-modifying therapies used to treat multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Changes in Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- A randomized cross-over trial of prebiotics and probiotics in multiple sclerosis: Trial feasibility, supplement tolerability and symptom abatement.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2024Trial
- Influence of a High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Deconfounded, quantitative microbiome profiling identifies robust multiple sclerosis markers and clinical covariate associations.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbiome functional gene pathways are indicative of cognitive performance in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Mucin-degrading gut bacteria: context-dependent roles in intestinal homeostasis and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Antigen-specific activation of gut immune cells drives autoimmune neuroinflammation.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Toward regionally equitable precision medicine: microbiota‑associated mechanisms and emerging personalized strategies in multiple sclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Difficult relationships between humans and bacteria: associations between multiple sclerosis and the human microbiome.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies microbial and metabolic signatures and drivers of CNS autoimmunity.mSystems · 2026Article
- CAR-T Cell Therapy and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Current Limitations.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- A new paradigm of bidirectional regulation of the gut-spinal cord axis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Impact of Combined Botanical Functional Ingredients on the Canine Gut Microbiome.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the gut microbiome in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and how it relates to clinical disease.
methodsWe sequenced the microbiota from healthy controls and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and progressive MS patients and correlated the levels of bacteria with clinical features of disease, including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), quality of life, and brain magnetic resonance imaging lesions/atrophy. We colonized mice with MS-derived Akkermansia and induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
resultsMicrobiota β-diversity differed between MS patients and controls but did not differ between RRMS and progressive MS or differ based on disease-modifying therapies. Disease status had the greatest effect on the microbiome β-diversity, followed by body mass index, race, and sex. In both progressive MS and RRMS, we found increased Clostridium bolteae, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, and Akkermansia and decreased Blautia wexlerae, Dorea formicigenerans, and Erysipelotrichaceae CCMM. Unique to progressive MS, we found elevated Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium g24 FCEY and decreased Blautia and Agathobaculum. Several Clostridium species were associated with higher EDSS and fatigue scores. Contrary to the view that elevated Akkermansia in MS has a detrimental role, we found that Akkermansia was linked to lower disability, suggesting a beneficial role. Consistent with this, we found that Akkermansia isolated from MS patients ameliorated EAE, which was linked to a reduction in RORγt+ and IL-17-producing γδ T cells.
interpretationWhereas some microbiota alterations are shared in relapsing and progressive MS, we identified unique bacteria associated with progressive MS and clinical measures of disease. Furthermore, elevated Akkermansia in MS may be a compensatory beneficial response in the MS microbiome. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1195-1211.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.