ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2021
Real-World Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Against Cervical Cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Acceptance and the willingness to pay for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of focused ultrasound for HPV clearance and cervical LSIL treatment: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of human papillomavirus vaccines in the reduction of infection, precursor lesions, and cervical cancer: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of non-vaccine high-risk HPV cervical infections in vaccinated women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness by age at vaccination: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Post Treatment Sexual Function and Quality of Life of Patients Affected by Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus vaccination in women undergoing excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent risk of recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- Low CD86 expression is a predictive biomarker for clinical response to the therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccine IGMKK16E7: results of a post hoc analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Trial
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in adults: Learnings from long-term follow-up of quadrivalent HPV vaccine clinical trials.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Precancerous cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types after vaccination with the bivalent AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine: an analysis of the long-term follow-up study from the randomised Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2022Trial
- HPV vaccine awareness and uptake among women attending cervical screening in health-resource-limited areas of China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Early effects of HPV vaccination on high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Brazil: Evidence from outpatient data.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against high-risk type HPV DNA positivity among adult women aged 18 - 45years in China: A matched test-negative design study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Clinical research progress and challenges of vaccine for human papillomavirus-associated cancers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Population-Based First Estimates of the Effect of HPV Vaccination in Three Italian Areas Covered by Organised Cervical Screening.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- [Vaccine prevention of HPV-associated diseases].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The effect of HPV vaccination on precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer in a low-vaccination-coverage setting in Germany: a retrospective cohort analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- The Long-Term Effect of 2 and 3 Doses of Bivalent HPV Vaccination Against HPV Infections: A Comparison Between 2 Observational Cohort Studies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Observational
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe primary goal of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is to reduce morbidity and mortality from HPV-associated disease, especially cervical cancer. We determined the real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against cervical cancer.
methodsThe study included women aged 17-30 years living in Denmark October 2006-December 2019. From nationwide registries, information on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer diagnoses were retrieved. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cervical cancer according to vaccination status were estimated using Poisson regression with HPV vaccination treated as a time-varying variable and stratified by age at vaccination. We adjusted for attained age, education, and ethnicity. To address the effect of prevalent disease, different buffer periods were used, with 1-year buffer period as primary analysis.
resultsThe cohort comprised 867 689 women. At baseline, 36.3% were vaccinated at age 16 years and younger, and during follow-up, 19.3% and 2.3% were vaccinated at ages 17-19 years and 20-30 years, respectively. For women vaccinated at ages 16 years and younger or 17-19 years, the IRRs of cervical cancer were 0.14 (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.53) and 0.32 (95% CI = 0.08 to 1.28), respectively, compared with unvaccinated women. In women aged 20-30 years at vaccination, the incidence rate was higher than among unvaccinated women (IRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.79) but slightly decreased with increasing buffer period (IRR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.32, with 4-year buffer period).
conclusionHPV vaccine effectiveness against cervical cancer at the population level is high among girls vaccinated younger than age 20 years. The lack of immediate effect in women vaccinated at age 20-30 years points to the importance of early age at vaccination.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.