ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Gestational weight gain in 4 low- and middle-income countries and associations with birth outcomes: a secondary analysis of the Women First Trial.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suboptimal gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in low and middle income countries: individual participant data meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of prenatal nutritional supplements on gestational weight gain in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Hemoglobin During Pregnancy Does Not Mediate the Relationship between Nutrition Supplements and Intrauterine Growth: A Secondary Data Analysis of Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- The implementation of online and offline hybrid weight management approach for pregnant women based on the Fogg behavior model in Hainan, China: a pilot randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- Demographic, socio-economic, obstetric, and behavioral factors associated with small-and large-for-gestational-age from a prospective, population-based pregnancy cohort in rural Nepal: a secondary data analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Trial
- Impact of early pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on birth outcomes: Findings from a pregnancy cohort in South Delhi, India.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Combined counseling based on the Fogg behavior model for managing weight gain in pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial protocol.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Association of Gestational Weight Trajectories With Neonatal Outcomes Among Pregnant Slum-Dwelling Women, India.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Observational
- Predictors of gestational weight gain in western India: Findings from a longitudinal study across rural and urban cohorts.PloS one · 2025Article
- The effect of advanced maternal age and gestational weight gain on newborns.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Maternal preconception BMI and gestational weight gain are associated with weight retention and maternal and child body fat at 6-7 years postpartum in the PRECONCEPT cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Birth length is the strongest predictor of linear growth status and stunting in the first 2 years of life after a preconception maternal nutrition intervention: the children of the Women First trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
- Gestational weight gain in the REVAMP pregnancy cohort in Western India: Comparison with international and national references.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Reduction in Diversity of Maternal Gut Microbiota During Pregnancy Is Observed in Multiple Low-Resource Settings: Results From the Women First Trial.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Maternal weight gain and birth weight.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is essential for healthy fetal growth. However, in low- and middle-income countries, where malnutrition is prevalent, little information is available about GWG and how it might be modified by nutritional status and interventions.
objectiveWe describe GWG and its associations with fetal growth and birth outcomes. We also examined the extent to which prepregnancy BMI, and preconception and early weight gain modify GWG, and its effects on fetal growth.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Women First Trial, including 2331 women within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Guatemala, India, and Pakistan, evaluating weight gain from enrollment to ∼12 weeks of gestation and GWG velocity (kg/wk) between ∼12 and 32 weeks of gestation. Adequacy of GWG velocity was compared with 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations, according to maternal BMI. Early weight gain (EWG), GWG velocity, and adequacy of GWG were related to birth outcomes using linear and Poisson models.
resultsGWG velocity (mean ± SD) varied by site: 0.22 ± 0.15 kg/wk in DRC, 0.30 ± 0.23 in Pakistan, 0.31 ± 0.14 in Guatemala, and 0.39 ± 0.13 in India, (P <0.0001). An increase of 0.1 kg/wk in maternal GWG was associated with a 0.13 cm (95% CI: 0.07, 0.18, P <0.001) increase in birth length and a 0.032 kg (0.022, 0.042, P <0.001) increase in birth weight. Compared to women with inadequate GWG, women who had adequate GWG delivered newborns with a higher mean length and weight: 47.98 ± 2.04 cm compared with 47.40 ± 2.17 cm (P <0.001) and 2.864 ± 0.425 kg compared with 2.764 ± 0.418 kg (P <0.001). Baseline BMI, EWG, and GWG were all associated with birth length and weight.
conclusionsThese results underscore the importance of adequate maternal nutrition both before and during pregnancy as a potentially modifiable factor to improve fetal growth.
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