Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33875000›Full record

ArticleGenome medicine2021

A community-driven resource for genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch.

Leonor Sánchez-Busó, Corin A Yeats, Benjamin Taylor, Richard J Goater, Anthony Underwood, Khalil Abudahab, Silvia Argimón, Kevin C Ma, Tatum D Mortimer, Daniel Golparian and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Heterogeneity of azithromycin resistance markers inNew microbes and new infections · 2026
    Review
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  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Observational
  7. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
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  9. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Antimicrobial resistance inThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025
    Article
  16. AI-Prediction ofHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Evaluation of the Allplex NG & DR assay for molecular prediction of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Leonor Sánchez-BusóCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK. leo.sanchez-buso@cgps.group.ORCID 0000-0002-4162-0228
Corin A YeatsCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
Benjamin TaylorCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
Richard J GoaterCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Anthony UnderwoodCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Khalil AbudahabCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Silvia ArgimónCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Kevin C MaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Tatum D MortimerDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Daniel GolparianWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Michelle J ColeNational Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK.
Yonatan H GradDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Irene MartinNational Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Brian H RaphaelDivision of STD prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
William M ShaferDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Katy TownDivision of STD prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Teodora WiDepartment of the Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Simon R HarrisMicrobiotica, Biodata Innovation Centre, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Magnus UnemoWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
David M AanensenCentre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK. david.aanensen@cgps.group.

Funding

GONOCOCCI: GENETICS OF RESISTANCE TO PMN PROTEINSR01AI021150 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHAFER, WILLIAM MAURICE · 1985 to 2025
$5.5M
Gonococci: Genetics of Resistance to PMN ProteinsR37AI021150 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHAFER, WILLIAM MAURICE · 2010 to 2019
$3.9M
Genomics approaches to elucidating pathways to antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeR01AI132606 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Yonatan H Grad · 2017 to 2026
$3.8M
Identification and analysis of compensatory mutations that support the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeR01AI153521 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI GRAD, YONATAN H, JERSE, ANN E. · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Function and regulation of the intrinsic antibiotic resistome of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeR01AI147609 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHAFER, WILLIAM MAURICE · 2019 to 2023
$2.3M
Acquisition, maintenance, and transmission of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeF32AI145157 · NIAID · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI MORTIMER, TATUM DANIELLE · 2019 to 2021
$200k
BLRD Research Career Scientist Award ApplicationIK6BX005390 · VA · VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION · PI William Maurice Shafer · 2021 to 2026
–
BLRD VA IK6 BX005390Department of Health 16_136_111NIAID NIH HHS F32 AI145157NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI021150NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI132606NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI147609NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153521NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI021150Wellcome TrustWorld Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent threat to public health, as strains resistant to at least one of the two last-line antibiotics used in empiric therapy of gonorrhoea, ceftriaxone and azithromycin, have spread internationally. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) data can be used to identify new AMR clones and transmission networks and inform the development of point-of-care tests for antimicrobial susceptibility, novel antimicrobials and vaccines. Community-driven tools that provide an easy access to and analysis of genomic and epidemiological data is the way forward for public health surveillance.

methodsHere we present a public health-focussed scheme for genomic epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch ( https://pathogen.watch/ngonorrhoeae ). An international advisory group of experts in epidemiology, public health, genetics and genomics of N. gonorrhoeae was convened to inform on the utility of current and future analytics in the platform. We implement backwards compatibility with MLST, NG-MAST and NG-STAR typing schemes as well as an exhaustive library of genetic AMR determinants linked to a genotypic prediction of resistance to eight antibiotics. A collection of over 12,000 N. gonorrhoeae genome sequences from public archives has been quality-checked, assembled and made public together with available metadata for contextualization.

resultsAMR prediction from genome data revealed specificity values over 99% for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone and sensitivity values around 99% for benzylpenicillin and tetracycline. A case study using the Pathogenwatch collection of N. gonorrhoeae public genomes showed the global expansion of an azithromycin-resistant lineage carrying a mosaic mtr over at least the last 10 years, emphasising the power of Pathogenwatch to explore and evaluate genomic epidemiology questions of public health concern.

conclusionsThe N. gonorrhoeae scheme in Pathogenwatch provides customised bioinformatic pipelines guided by expert opinion that can be adapted to public health agencies and departments with little expertise in bioinformatics and lower-resourced settings with internet connection but limited computational infrastructure. The advisory group will assess and identify ongoing public health needs in the field of gonorrhoea, particularly regarding gonococcal AMR, in order to further enhance utility with modified or new analytic methods.

Indexed as

Genome, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsClone CellsDrug Resistance, BacterialGenotypeGonorrheaMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNeisseria gonorrhoeaePhenotypePhylogenyAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial resistanceEpidemiologyGenomicsNeisseria gonorrhoeaePathogenwatchPublic healthSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID33875000
PMCPMC8054416

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.