ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2021
CAR-T cells and BiTEs in solid tumors: challenges and perspectives.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Immunotherapy Against Thoracic Malignancies: Challenges and Opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Human lung explants as a predictive platform for evaluating the on-target, off-tumor toxicity of T cell bispecifics.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in cancer immunotherapy: adoptive cell therapy and immune cell engagers in solid tumours.British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Systematic functional screening of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains identifies potent inhibitory modules for chimeric antigen receptor-T.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- Engineering programmable CAR and antigen pairing via drug-gated light activation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Engineering BiTE-inspired IPSC-exosomes to potentiate CAR-T cell therapy against lung cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Advancing adoptive T cell therapy in ovarian cancer: barriers, innovations, and emerging platforms.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- T-cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oncolytic virus-mediated GPC3 delivery overcomes antigen heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma and enhances GPC3-directed immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Enhancement of CAR-T cell efficacy and persistence via CD30 costimulation and NF-κB signaling.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Generating CAR-macrophages to target endothelin B receptor-positive tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma-Characteristic and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tri-specific tribodies targeting 5T4, CD3, and immune checkpoint drive stronger functional T-cell responses than combinations of antibody therapeutics.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Targeting and Structural Characterization of a Sotorasib-Modified KRAS G12C-MHC I Complex Demonstrate the Antitumor Efficacy of Hapten-Based Strategies.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Advances in Cell and Immune Therapies for Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Novel therapeutic strategies targeting resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies: from BCL2 inhibition to immunomodulatory approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Insights from the bottom-up development of LGR5-targeting immunotherapeutics.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to boost adoptive T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Beyond CAR-T Cells: exploring CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-γδ T strategies in solid tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells and BiTEs are both immunotherapies which redirect T cell specificity against a tumor-specific antigen through the use of antibody fragments. They demonstrated remarkable efficacy in B cell hematologic malignancies, thus paving the way for their development in solid tumors. Nonetheless, the use of such new drugs to treat solid tumors is not straightforward. So far, the results from early phase clinical trials are not as impressive as expected but many improvements are under way. In this review we present an overview of the clinical development of CAR-T cells and BiTEs targeting the main antigens expressed by solid tumors. We emphasize the most frequent hurdles encountered by either CAR-T cells or BiTEs, or both, and summarize the strategies that have been proposed to overcome these obstacles.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.