ReviewThe New phytologist2003
Some reflections on double fertilization, from its discovery to the present.
Review in The New phytologist, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular understanding of plant pollination, fertilization, seed development and protoplast regeneration.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Female gametophyte development, pollen‒pistil interactions and embryogenic patterns in chicory (Cichorium intybus): a self-incompatibility perspective.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Endosperm cell death: roles and regulation in angiosperms.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Review
- Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal regulatory networks associated with nutrition synthesis in sorghum seeds.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The Mechanism of Ovule Abortion in Self-Pollinated 'Hanfu' Apple Fruits and Related Gene Screening.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mechanics of reproductive differentiation in the land plants: a paradigm shift?Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Pollen tube emergence is mediated by ovary-expressed ALCATRAZ in cucumber.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Reproduction Modes and Conservation Implications in Three PolyploidPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops.Horticulture research · 2023Article
- Biotechnological Intervention and Secondary Metabolite Production inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Isolation of gametes and zygotes from Setaria viridis.Journal of plant research · 2022Article
- Mendel's controlled pollination experiments in Mirabilis jalapa confirmed his discovery of the gamete theory of inheritance in Pisum.Hereditas · 2022Article
- Dynamics of mitochondrial distribution during development and asymmetric division of rice zygotes.Plant reproduction · 2022Article
- Genome editing approaches using reproductive cells/tissues in flowering plants.Frontiers in genome editing · 2022Review
- Cross-talk between the cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin regulatory networks in determining parthenocarpy in cucumber.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- In Vitro Fertilization System Using Wheat Gametes by Electric Fusion.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- A Decade of Pollen Phosphoproteomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Small RNA sequencing provides candidate miRNA-target pairs for revealing the mechanism of apomixis in Zanthoxylum bungeanum.BMC plant biology · 2021Article
- Effect of Paternal Genome Excess on the Developmental and Gene Expression Profiles of Polyspermic Zygotes in Rice.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- RNA directed DNA methylation and seed plant genome evolution.Plant cell reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fusion of one sperm with the egg cell to form the embryo and of the other sperm with the polar fusion nucleus to give rise to the endosperm ('double fertilization') was discovered by Nawaschin in 1898 in the liliaceous plants, Lilium martagon and Fritillaria tenella. The occurrence of two fusion events analogous to double fertilization has recently been described in some gymnosperm species although the product of the second fusion is a transient embryo, rather than the endosperm as in angiosperms. Recent investigations in angiosperms describe the cell biology and nuclear cytology of double fertilization and the successful in vitro demonstration of the two fusion events using isolated egg cells, central cells, and sperm cells and the development of the fusion products into the embryo and endosperm. Molecular and genetic studies on the component elements of double fertilization have focused on the identification of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that display developmental patterns in the seed that result in autonomous endosperm development and even partial embryogenesis in the absence of fertilization. Characterization of the genes and their protein products has provided evidence for a predominant effect of maternal gametophytic genes and of silencing of paternal genes during double fertilization. Contents Summary 565 I. Introduction 566 II. Discovery of double fertilization 566 III. Seed development without double fertilization 568 IV. A case for double fertilization in gymnosperms 570 V. Structural and cytological perspectives on double fertilization 571 VI. In vitro double fertilization 575 VII. Genetic and molecular perspectives 576 VIII. Concluding comments 578 Acknowledgements 579 References 579.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.