ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Growing racial/ethnic disparities in buprenorphine distribution in the United States, 2007-2017.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- A latent class analysis of clinical complexity: Secondary analysis of the collaboration leading to addiction treatment and recovery from other stresses (CLARO) randomized trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Patient Profiles of Buprenorphine Initiators in General Healthcare Settings: A Latent Class Approach.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Geographic Availability and Use of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Medicaid Enrollees.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- High-volume buprenorphine prescribers: Examining state policy contexts.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Expanding buprenorphine prescribing in primary care: a qualitative study of the experiences of primary care providers and nurse care managers participating in the New York City buprenorphine nurse care manager initiative.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of differences in medication for opioid use disorder receipt among pregnant people enrolled in Medicaid in Oregon, United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- A multi-method spatial examination of factors associated with changes in geographic accessibility to buprenorphine providers in HEALing communities study states Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Ohio.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Disparities in fatal and non-fatal opioid-involved overdoses among middle-aged non-Hispanic Black Men and Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- State-level racial and ethnic disparities in buprenorphine treatment duration in the United States.The American journal on addictions · 2025Article
- Article
- Rates of buprenorphine prescribing and racial disparities among patients with opioid overdose.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- The intersection of substance use stigma and anti-Black racial stigma: A scoping review.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Benefits and challenges of geographic information systems (GIS) for data-driven outreach in black communities experiencing overdose disparities: results of a stakeholder focus group.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Overview of best practices for buprenorphine initiation in the emergency department.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- A Cost Model for a Low-Threshold Clinic Treating Opioid Use Disorder.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2024Article
- Loneliness and fearfulness are associated with non-fatal drug overdose among people who inject drugs.PloS one · 2024Article
- Mobile addiction treatment and harm reduction services as tools to address health inequities: a community case study of the Brockton Neighborhood Health Center mobile unit.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Buprenorphine use and setting type among reproductive-aged women self-reporting nonmedical prescription opioid use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Community-level determinants of stakeholder perceptions of community stigma toward people with opioid use disorders, harm reduction services and treatment in the HEALing Communities Study.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Postpartum medication for opioid use disorder outcomes associated with prenatal treatment and neighborhood-level social determinants.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether per capita buprenorphine distribution varies by regional racial/ethnic composition, Medicaid expansion status, and time period.
methodsOur unit of analysis -- three-digit ZIP codes ("ZIP3s") -- was classified into quintiles based on percentage of White residents. A weighted linear regression model of buprenorphine distribution -- including White resident quintile, waivered prescriber rate, overdose rate, sociodemographic factors, and year fixed effects -- was estimated using national buprenorphine distribution data from 2007 to 2017. We report predictive margins of the buprenorphine distribution rate by quintile, as well as average marginal effects of waivered prescriber rate on buprenorphine distribution rate for each quintile. Analyses were stratified by Medicaid expansion status and time period (2007-2010, 2011-2014, 2015-2017).
resultsBuprenorphine distribution increased nationally during 2007-2017, yet growth was disproportionately greater for ZIP3s with higher percentages of White residents. Medicaid expansion states exhibited significant differences in buprenorphine distribution across ZIP3 quintiles during 2007-2010, the magnitude of which increased across time periods. Non-expansion states exhibited significant quintile differences during 2011-2014 and 2015-2017. The average marginal effect of increasing the waivered prescriber rate on the distribution rate was consistently smaller in ZIP3s with lower percentages of White residents, particularly in expansion states.
conclusionsWe find ecological evidence consistent with racial/ethnic disparities in buprenorphine distribution. Our finding that increasing the waivered prescriber rate had differential effects by ZIP3 racial/ethnic composition suggest that broad initiatives to increase the number of waivered prescribers are likely insufficient to achieve equitable buprenorphine access. Rather, targeted and tailored policy efforts are warranted.
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