SynthesisAnnual review of biomedical engineering2021
Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues.
Synthesis in Annual review of biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune organoids for Africa: a roadmap for bridging the innovation gap in infectious diseases and cancer research.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Lymphoid-Tissue-on-Chip Recapitulates Human Antibody Responses In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Size of Glioblastoma Spheroids Influences Patterns of Invasion and Temozolomide Efficacy.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2026Article
- Modulating drug response through the gut microbiome: pathways to precision therapy.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Tumor-Induced Rewiring of Splenic Niches: from Immune Organ to Cancer Accomplice.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- A review of organ-on-chip fabrication methods: From early developments to overcoming inert barriers.iScience · 2025Review
- Innovative engineering approaches to model host-microbiome interactions in vitro.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Demonstration of chemotherapeutic-mediated changes in meningeal lymphatics in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Equine Lymph Node Endothelial Cells.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Application of new approach methodologies for nonclinical safety assessment of drug candidates.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Immune-Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Pollutants: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Transgenerational Impact.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Immune Organoids: A Review of Their Applications in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease Immunotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Size-dependent invasion and therapeutic phenotype of 42MGBA glioblastoma spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Human Germinal Center: A Review of Models to Study T-B Cell Interactions.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Initiation of primary T cell-B cell interactions and extrafollicular antibody responses in an organized microphysiological model of the human lymph node.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A 3D-printed multi-compartment organ-on-chip platform with a tubing-free pump models communication with the lymph node.Lab on a chip · 2025Article
- Perspective of usingFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune organoids: emerging platforms for modeling and analyzing human adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Optimizing monocyte-derived immune cell cultures: comparing xeno-free and xenogeneic conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Modeling immunity in vitro has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating fundamental biological questions, informing therapeutics and vaccines, and providing new insight into disease progression. There are two major elements to immunity that are necessary to model: primary immune tissues and peripheral tissues with immune components. Here, we systematically review progress made along three strategies to modeling immunity: ex vivo cultures, which preserve native tissue structure; microfluidic devices, which constitute a versatile approach to providing physiologically relevant fluid flow and environmental control; and engineered tissues, which provide precise control of the 3D microenvironment and biophysical cues. While many models focus on disease modeling, more primary immune tissue models are necessary to advance the field. Moving forward, we anticipate that the expansion of patient-specific models may inform why immunity varies from patient to patient and allow for the rapid comprehension and treatment of emerging diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.