SynthesisPloS one2021
Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic asthma: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of population attributable risk.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of metabolic syndrome on pulmonary infection in pediatric bronchial asthma: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Risk factors for severeFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Characteristics ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia (CPP) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children and risk factors of severe CPP.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- TheJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- The Chlamydia pneumoniae effector SemD exploits its host's endocytic machinery by structural and functional mimicry.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A single chlamydial protein reshapes the plasma membrane and serves as recruiting platform for central endocytic effector proteins.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Are ELISA and PCR Discrepancies in the Identification ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Infectious Asthma: An Easily Identified Clinical Presentation with Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Asthma.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Article
- Outcomes of Antibiotics in Adults with "Difficult to Treat" Asthma or the Overlap Syndrome.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2021Article
- Progress in diagnosis and treatment of difficult-to-treat asthma in children.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseReview
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) is an obligate intracellular human respiratory pathogen producing persisting lung infection with a plausible link to asthma pathogenesis. The population attributable risk of potentially treatable Cp infection in asthma has not been reported.
methodsThe author searched from 2000 to 2020 inclusive for previously un-reviewed and new cross sectional and prospective controlled studies of Cp biomarkers and chronic asthma in both children and adults. Qualitative descriptive results and quantitative estimates of population attributable risk for selected biomarkers (specific IgG, IgA and IgE) are presented.
findingsNo large, long-term prospective population-based studies of Cp infection and asthma were identified. About half of case-control studies reported one or more significant associations of Cp biomarkers and chronic asthma. Heterogeneity of results by age group (pediatric v adult asthma), severity category (severe/uncontrolled, moderate/partly controlled, mild/controlled) and antibody isotype (specific IgG, IgA, IgE) were suggested by the qualitative results and confirmed by meta-analyses. The population attributable risks for Cp-specific IgG and IgA were nul in children and were 6% (95% confidence interval 2%-10%, p = 0.002) and 13% (9%-18%, p<0.00001) respectively in adults. In contrast to the nul or small population attributable risks for Cp-specific IgG and IgA, the population attributable risk for C. pneumoniae-specific IgE (children and adults combined) was 47% (39%-55%, p<0.00001). In the subset of studies that reported on asthma severity categories, Cp biomarkers were positively and significantly (P<0.00001) associated with asthma severity.
interpretationC. pneumoniae-specific IgE is strongly associated with asthma and asthma severity, suggesting a possible mechanism linking chronic Cp infection with asthma in a subset of individuals with asthma. Infection biomarkers should be included in future macrolide treatment trials for severe and uncontrolled asthma.
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